Lub hom phiaj ntawm cov teeb meem ntawm kev ua haujlwm nyuaj ntawm spatial arc nto, ntau cov ntsiab lus ua tiav, kev ua haujlwm siab thiab qhov siab roughness yuav tsum tau ua hauv kev npog, los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas cov cuab yeej siv tshuab, ib feem ntawm kev tsim khoom, cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm thiab cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm, ib qho qauv rau kev ua cov txheej txheem. machining center tau tsim. Cov txheej txheem kev siv txoj kev npaj qhia txog kev siv cov cuab yeej pob-qhov ntswg hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua cov vaj tsev nyob qhov chaw nkhaus.
1 Cov lus qhia
Lub npog feem ntau yog siv los ua lub foob. Ua ntej kev sib sau ua ke, nws yuav tsum tau ua cov roj av, dej thiab lwm yam kev ntsuas siab kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom yuav tsis xau thiab xyuas kom muaj huab cua ntawm nws cov khoom sib dhos thiab siv. Feem ntau ntawm lawv yog ib qho tseem ceeb castings los yog welded qhov chaw nrog complex duab thiab ntau yam qauv. Kev sib txawv, ntau qhov sib txawv, kab noj hniav zoo li sab hauv, cov phab ntsa nyias thiab tsis sib xws. Hauv kev tsim khoom thiab kev tsim khoom, tsis yog tsuas yog lub qhov system, sealing grooves thiab dav hlau nrog siab precision yuav tsum tau, tab sis kuj muaj ntau yam tshwj xeeb-zoo li tus fillets, tus thawj coj thiab irregular curved nto, uas yog ib qho nyuaj rau cov txheej txheem thiab manufactured [1].
2 Tshooj qauv thiab txheej txheem kev tshuaj xyuas
2.1 Tshooj qauv kev tshuaj xyuas
Lub hau yog ib feem ntawm lub thawv. Nws yog ib qho semi-polyhedron nrog cov kab noj hniav tsis sib xws thiab cov phab ntsa sab hauv thiab feem ntau cov qauv tsis sib xws. Nws yog tsuas yog siv los xyuas kom meej qhov huv ntawm lub cev thiab txo cov suab nrov ntawm lub cev thaum ua haujlwm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev ua kom zoo nkauj zoo nkauj. Hauv kev ua tshuab, muaj ntau yam ua haujlwm, ntim ua haujlwm loj, thiab cov qauv tsis sib xws, uas ua rau cov txheej txheem nyuaj [2].
duab
Daim duab 1 npog cov txheej txheem uas yuav tsum tau ua
2.2 Kev txheeb xyuas txheej txheem
Npog: Cov khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob Cov npog qhov chaw yog pom nyob rau hauv daim duab 1. Muaj sab laug thiab txoj cai arcs nyob rau sab nraum qab ntawm flange, sib cais los ntawm 14 hli tav nyob rau hauv nruab nrab. Sab laug thiab sab xis yog cov qauv sib luag, nrog ib sab sab laug ntawm sab sauv thiab sab qis. Qhov saum npoo roughness tus nqi Ra=1.6μm .
2.3 Kev txheeb xyuas qhov nyuaj
Lub hau yog ib lub thawv hom ib feem. Cov khoom siv QT {{0}} yog cov hlau nplaum, uas muaj lub zog siab thiab zoo toughness. Nws muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev hnav tsis kam, kev co nqus thiab oxidation tsis kam, tab sis nws cov kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Raws li kev kos duab yuav tsum tau ua, sab nraub qaum ntawm flange txuas yuav tsum tau ua tiav. Cov arcs yog symmetrically faib rau sab laug thiab sab xis, sib cais los ntawm tav nyob rau hauv nruab nrab. Lub arc nto yog ua tiav perpendicular rau lub cuab yeej axis. Thaum ua tiav qhov nkhaus nto, qhov ntev geometric ntawm lub cuab yeej yuav tsum tau ua kom haum rau cov cuab yeej ntog kom paub meej tias cov duab ntawm qhov kawg nkhaus nto ua tau raws li cov txheej txheem. . Raws li pom nyob rau hauv daim duab 1, lub thickness ntawm cov tav phaj yog (16 ± 0). Cov txheej txheem ua tiav yog siab thiab qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo yog nruj. Txij li thaum lub nraub qaum ntawm lub flange yog sib cais los ntawm tav, kev cuam tshuam yuav tshwm sim thaum siv peb-sided milling cutter lossis tshuab dhos, ua rau nws ua tsis tau [3].
3. txheej txheem ntws thiab CNC machining txoj kev
3.1 Cov txheej txheem ua
Txawm hais tias qhov chaw arc ntawm qhov chaw no yog qhov chaw ntawm lub kiv puag ncig, nws cov duab thiab cov qauv yog lub thawv-hom qhov chaw (saib daim duab 2), yog li nws tsis haum rau cov cuab yeej tig tshuab. Sab nraub qaum ntawm flange yog sib cais los ntawm peb ribs, nrog kev hloov pauv hauv paus. Sab nraub qaum thiab sab pem hauv ntej yuav tsum muaj qhov tseeb qhov tseeb thiab qhov roughness, thiab tuaj yeem ua tiav ntawm peb-axis thiab ntau-axis milling tshuab. Hauv multi-axis machining, txij li kev sib koom ua haujlwm ntawm lub cuab yeej thiab cov khoom hloov pauv txhua lub sijhawm thaum ua tiav, txhua qhov kev ua tiav tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv ib qho clamping kom tau txais kev ua haujlwm zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, nws cov nqi yuav khoom thiab software nqi ntau dua li ntawm peb-axis, kev tu thiab tu cov nqi yog siab dhau lawm, thiab cov kev xav tau rau cov neeg ua haujlwm cov kev txawj ua haujlwm kuj siab, uas ua rau cov nqi zog siab. Hauv peb-axis tshuab cuab yeej, cov cuab yeej axis vector tseem tsis hloov pauv thiab ua tiav hauv lub dav hlau ib txwm ntawm Z-axis. Kev siv cov kev sib txuas sib txuas tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw thiab ua tiav qhov system rigidity zoo dua. Txij li cov khoom no yog tsim nyob rau hauv ntau qhov ntau thiab hauv cov khoom me me, tsis tas yuav kho cov cuab yeej. Cov kev xav tau ntawm cov khoom no tuaj yeem ua tau raws li kev siv thoob ntiaj teb sib npaug-qhov siab pads thiab downward siab daim hlau rau qhov chaw thiab clamping. Tom qab kev ntsuas ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub tshuab cuab yeej milling lub taub hau thiab kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov khoom siv vaj tsev, lub pob kawg milling cutter tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov kab nkhaus ntawm lub dav hlau ZY raws li Z-axis kev taw qhia kom tau txais qhov chaw zoo dua. ua kom raug, zoo thiab efficiency. Thiab tus nqi zoo tshaj rau cov nyiaj.
duab
Daim duab 2 Npog khoob
3.2 Tool concept
Kev xaiv cov cuab yeej thiab kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov nyiaj txiav yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv CNC machining tshuab. Lawv tsis tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm CNC tshuab cuab yeej, tab sis tseem cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev ua haujlwm zoo, thiab tib lub sijhawm hloov pauv tag nrho cov nqi ua haujlwm. Ua ke nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov cuab yeej siv tshuab, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv ua haujlwm, clamping thiab cov txheej txheem yuav tsum, peb-sided ntug milling cutters, kawg mills thiab pob kawg mills raug xaiv rau kev ua. Txij li thaum peb ntu ntawm tav ntawm sab nraub qaum ntawm flange yog sib npaug ntawm 90 degree, muaj ntau qhov seem ntawm cov hauv paus hniav thaum rov qab-milled nrog peb-sided ntug milling cutter, thiab qhov kawg zeb tuaj yeem ua tau. siv los ua tag nrho cov tav raws arc kev taw qhia. Lub hauv paus arc nto yog peb-dimensional nto tsim los ntawm hauv qab mus rau sab saum toj. Cov cuab yeej pob-kawg nrog lub vojvoog tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau qhov tsawg kawg nkaus curvature vojvoog ntawm qhov chaw yuav tsum tau siv rau kev sib tshuam milling. Nws yog ntsuas tias 6 hli npoo ntawm ib sab ntawm qhov khoob yog qhov loj. Txhawm rau kom ua tiav kev ua haujlwm nruj thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo, cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb hauv daim duab 3 yog φ20mm × 80mm × 150mm × 4F (YT) kawg zeb thiab R10mm × 80mm × 150mm (YT) pob kawg milling cutter. riam.
duab
Daim duab 3 End zeb (hauv qab) thiab pob kawg zeb (sab saum toj)
3.3 Txiav txoj kev npaj
Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem txiav, raws li kev ua haujlwm tiag tiag ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm, txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias qhov tseeb thiab qhov chaw roughness ntawm qhov sib npaug nkhaus, nce milling yog siv los ntawm hauv qab mus rau sab saum toj. Sib cais cov ntsiab lus pib thiab cov cuab yeej teeb tsa. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev pom zoo ntawm kev ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb, qhov pib ntawm lub cuab yeej yuav tsum nyob ze li qhov ua tau rau lub workpiece kom txo qis cov cuab yeej mus ncig, txo txoj kev pub noj, thiab txuag lub sijhawm ua haujlwm thaum lub sijhawm machining. Txij li cov npoo dawb paug yog qhov loj, cov txheej txheem cyclic ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau siv los ua cov zeb hauv ib ntus raws li pom hauv daim duab 4, maj mam tshem tawm cov npoo hauv YZ kev taw qhia, thiab tawm ntawm 0.2mm npoo rau kev ua tiav. Thaum lub sijhawm no, nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias cov ntsiab lus pub thiab thim rov qab yuav tsum yog nyob rau hauv Z-axis kev taw qhia, qhov pub ceev tsis tuaj yeem yog "G0", thiab "G0" hais kom ua. yuav tsum zam "Y, Z" txav tib lub sijhawm.
Cov cuab yeej txiav tsis raug xaiv: φ20mm kawg zeb. Cov khoom siv txhawb nqa cov kab nrawm vc ntawm 90~120m / min, rov qab txiav nyiaj ap ntawm 0.3 ~ 2mm, thiab pub fz ntawm 0.07 ~ 0.3mm / z.
R10mm × 80mm × 150mm (YT) pob kawg milling cutter, cov khoom siv txhawb nqa linear ceev vc ntawm 120~ 150m / min, rov qab kev koom tes ap ntawm 0.3 ~ 0.8mm, thiab pub fz ntawm 0.11 ~ 0.18mm / z.
Vim tias qhov khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob. Txhawm rau txo cov kev pheej hmoo zoo thiab ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg txiav, tom qab kev debugging thiab kev txheeb xyuas ntawm daim ntawv xeem, qhov kawg txiav tsis ntawm φ20mm kawg zeb raug xaiv ua vc=92m/min, n=1465r/ min, ap=1.5mm, fz=0.07mm/z, vf =410mm/min; cov kev txiav ntawm R10mm pob kawg zeb raug xaiv ua vc=130m/min, n=2070r/min, ap=0.5mm, vf=228mm/min. Tom qab ua tiav 12 daim hauv ib pawg, siv cov kev txiav saum toj no, kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab ruaj khov yog qhov zoo, thiab cov cuab yeej siv tau ntev.
duab
Daim duab 4: Tool path
3.4 Programming
Raws li cov geometric qhov ntev ntawm qhov kos duab, cov cuab yeej nruab nrab khiav cov ntaub ntawv trajectory yog xam. Txij li thaum lub arc nto yog nyob rau hauv YZ dav hlau, thaum siv lub pob kawg milling cutter, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los xam cov kev tswj ntawm qhov chaw tiv tauj thiab ua tiav R82.5mm arc milling los ntawm point approximation. Lub hom phiaj kawg ntawm kev suav lej yog kom tau txais tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm txoj haujlwm sib koom ua ke xav tau rau kev ua haujlwm. Xam cov Y thiab Z kev sib koom ua ke los ntawm kev ua haujlwm trigonometric raws li daim duab 5: Y=Rcos , Z=Rsin .
duab
Daim duab 5 Coordinate xam lub hauv paus ntsiab lus
Thaum programming lub Heidenhain CNC program, teem Q1=17 raws li lub kaum sab xis pib, Q2=0.1 raws li lub kaum sab xis increment, Q3=+76.5 raws li lub xaus, Q{{5} }.5 (R=82.5+10) as the arc radius, Q1=Q1 +Q2 ntxiv qhov sib txawv rau lub kaum sab xis. Tom qab qhov kev pab cuam tau muab tso ua ke, qhov kev zov me nyuam yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas ua ntej nws raug siv rau kev tsim khoom thiab kev ua haujlwm. Hauv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb, kev sim machining kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm qhov chaw kuj tseem yuav tsum tau ua. Raws li kev soj ntsuam xyuas, qhov kev zov me nyuam tau hloov kho thiab hloov kho, thiab nws feem ntau rov ua dua ntau zaus kom txog thaum tau txais qhov kev pab cuam uas ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua.
56 TOOLCALL "D20-QTD" Z S500
57L Z+100 R0 FMAX
58L X-50 Y-150 R0 FMAX
59L Z+26R0 FMAX
60 L X+32 R0 F1000
61 L Y-88.771
62 FN 0:Q1 =+17; pib lub kaum sab xis
63 FN 0:Q2 =+0.1; kaum increment
64 FN 0:Q3 =+76.5; lub kaum sab kawg
65 FN 0:Q4 =+92.5; arc hluav taws xob
66 FN 0:Q5 =+0
67 FN 0:Q6 =+0
68 ZPO 2
69 Q{1}}Q1+Q2; lub kaum sab xis nce nce mus nce los
70 Q5=Q4 × COS Q1; Loop suav ntawm Y tus nqi
71Q6=Q4 × SIN Q1; Loop suav ntawm Z tus nqi
72 L Y-Q5 Z+Q6 R0 F1000
73 FN 12: IF+Q1LT+Q3 GOTO LBL 2; voj kev txiav txim
74L Y-21 Z+90.085
75L Z+100 FMAX; riam retraction
76 M0
4 Debugging, ua thiab tshuaj xyuas
Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm cov fillet nto nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab cuam yog qhov chaw ntawm lub flange, uas yog, X{{0}}, Y0, thiab Z0 nyob rau hauv G54 yog nyob rau saum npoo ntawm lub flange. . Tom qab siv lub ntug finder rau nruab nrab ntawm X thiab Y cov lus qhia, nkag mus rau cov neeg kho tshuab ua haujlwm rau hauv G54 sib raug. Tom qab Z-kev taw qhia mandrel los yog siv riam haum rau lub voj voog sab nraud ntawm flange, xam tus nqi Z thiab muab tso rau hauv G54. Ua ntej ua tiav, cia lub tshuab twj tso kua mis kom qhuav los xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm lub cuab yeej txav trajectory. Thaum lub sij hawm debugging, spindle ceev thiab pub tus nqi thaum lub sij hawm ua yuav tsum tau kho kom haum raws li qhov tseeb qhov teeb meem (saib daim duab 6 rau cov txheej txheem ua) kom ua tau zoo tshaj plaws txiav kev ua tau zoo. Tom qab thawj daim tiav, nws raug xa mus rau qhov ntsuas peb-coordinate ntsuas los ntsuas qhov ntev linear, geometric tolerances thiab nto roughness. Cov txiaj ntsig kev xeem ua tau raws li cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tau ua.
duab
Daim duab 6 Surface fillet processing
5 Kev xaus
Los ntawm kev siv tshwj xeeb ntawm pob-kawg milling cutters, tom qab ntau qhov kev sim thiab kev sim, cov txheej txheem kev npaj rau kev ua cov npog npog thaum kawg tau txiav txim siab, ua tiav qhov kev daws teeb meem ntawm kev ua haujlwm nyuaj ntawm cov arc nto ntawm qhov chaw npog, ntau cov ntsiab lus, siab. ua kom raug thiab nto roughness. Cov kev cai nruj thiab lwm yam teeb meem nyuaj. Nws ua kom qhov tseeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm npog, txhim kho kev tswj hwm thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm kev ua haujlwm zoo, thiab thaum kawg tsim cov peev txheej ntau lawm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txoj kev no muaj qhov ua tau zoo thiab tuaj yeem muab kev pabcuam thiab siv rau cov ntawv thov ua haujlwm zoo sib xws.
