Rau ntau tus neeg, qhov tsuas yog hais txog "steel" muab kev nkag siab zoo. Nws muaj zog dua li yas, ruaj dua li ntoo, thiab feem ntau zoo li txhim khu kev qha.
Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom siv engineers thiab cov tsim khoom tsim tsis tshua pom nws yooj yim. Lawv tsis tsuas nug, "Puas yog hlau?" Lawv khawb ntxaum: Dab tsi * hom * hlau? Nws tus mob yog dab tsi? Nws yuav siv qhov twg? Nws puas tau txais kev kho cua sov? Qhov saum npoo tiv thaiv xeb li cas? Nws puas yuav welded? Nws puas yuav raug cuam tshuam?
Siab- daws teeb meem duab rub tawm ntawm cylindrical steel Tshuag - Daim ntawv tso cai duab 600483809 - Shetuwang
Thaum cov lus nug no raug nug, qhov sib txawv ntawm ntau hom hlau ua kom pom tseeb. Steel beams nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho, stainless hlau chav ua noj dab dej, automotive zog, pwm kab noj hniav, thiab txiav ntug ntawm cov cuab yeej -lawv yog tag nrho cov hlau, tab sis lawv cov yam ntxwv txawv heev.
Yog koj nco ntsoov ib yam xwb, cia nws ua li no:
Carbon steel: qauv thiab nqi; stainless hlau: ib puag ncig tiv thaiv thiab tiv thaiv xeb; alloy steel: lub zog thiab lub neej ntev; cov cuab yeej steel: hardness thiab hnav tsis kam.
I. Xaiv cov hlau: Tsis txhob maj kom nco cov qib
Muaj ntau ntau qib steel; nco lawv txhua tus yuav yog ib txoj haujlwm tsis yooj yim sua. Ib txoj hauv kev siv tau ntau dua yog txhawm rau txheeb xyuas lawv raws li qhov teeb meem uas lawv npaj los daws.
Cov lus sib piv ntawm cov qib hauv tsev thiab thoob ntiaj teb steel - Zhihu
Qee cov hlau yog siv rau cov qauv kev ua haujlwm, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov muaj zog txaus, tus nqi qis, thiab weldability. Lwm tus yog siv nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig raug dej thiab ntsev, qhov twg xeb kuj tseem ceeb heev. Qee qhov yog siv rau shafts, gears, thiab bearings, xav tau lub zog siab, toughness, thiab qaug zog lub neej. Tom qab ntawd muaj cov hlau siv rau cov cuab yeej txiav, xuas nrig ntaus, thiab pwm, qhov twg hardness, hnav tsis kam, thiab cua sov- muaj peev xwm kho tau nyob rau theem nruab nrab.
II. Carbon steel: Unassuming, tab sis muaj peev xwm heev
Lub npe "carbon steel" suab yooj yim - txawm me ntsis "zoo tib yam." Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv factories thiab nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho qhov chaw, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb thiab indispensable hom hlau.
Qhov laj thawj yog qhov yooj yim: tus nqi qis, khoom siv ruaj khov, kev ua haujlwm yooj yim, thiab muaj zog ntau yam uas ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntau tshaj. Feem ntau, rau cov khoom xws li tshuab thav duab, kev txhawb nqa kab, lossis cov hauv paus, siv cov pa roj carbon steel -ua ke nrog cov xim, hmoov txheej, lossis galvanizing- yog qhov kev xaiv zoo dua li xaiv cov hlau tsis muaj steel. Cov pa roj carbon steel tuaj yeem muab faib ua dav raws li lawv cov ntsiab lus carbon:
Tsawg- carbon steel: Txhais, yam ntxwv, thiab kev siv - Wake Rapid Prototyping
Tsawg- carbon steel feem ntau muaj cov ntsiab lus carbon tsawg dua 0.25%. Piv txwv li, Q235 steel muaj cov ntsiab lus carbon ntawm kwv yees li 0.14% txog 0.22%. Nws muaj cov yas zoo thiab weldability, thiab feem ntau tuaj yeem siv yam tsis muaj kev kho cua sov. Nws yog pheej yig thiab siv dav hauv kev tsim vaj tsev, txuas hniav, thiab cov khoom siv tsis zoo xws li bolts, txiv ntseej, khi pas nrig, thiab brackets.
[Duab]
Nruab nrab- carbon steel feem ntau muaj cov ntsiab lus carbon ntawm 0.25% thiab 0.6%. "45 steel" yog ib qho piv txwv classic, nrog cov ntsiab lus carbon ntawm ib ncig ntawm 0.45%. Nws muaj zog dua tab sis tsis zoo weldability piv rau qis- carbon steel. 45 steel yog hom quenched-thiab- tempered steel; Nws feem ntau xav tau kev kho cua sov kom ua tiav qhov kev ua tau zoo thiab feem ntau yog siv los tsim cov khoom siv xws li lub zog, cov ncej, cov ntsia hlau lead, thiab cov pas nrig txuas.
Siab - carbon steel - Sogou Baike
Siab- carbon steel muaj cov ntsiab lus carbon ntau tshaj 0.6%. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj thiab hnav-resistant tab sis muaj qhov qis dua toughness thiab yog nkig ntau dua. Nws yog nquag siv los ua cov khoom uas yuav tsum tau muaj siab hardness, xws li springs thiab txiav cov cuab yeej.
Txawm li cas los xij, cov pa roj carbon steel muaj qhov teeb meem uas tsis tuaj yeem zam: nws yooj yim rau xeb. Ua "nrhiav xeb" tsis txhais hais tias nws siv tsis tau; es, nws txhais tau hais tias koj tsis tuaj yeem tso nws tawm hauv qhov chaw ntub dej thiab cia siab tias nws yuav nyob twj ywm hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li cov hlau tsis muaj steel.
Tus yuam sij nrog cov pa roj carbon steel tsis yog hom hlau xwb, tab sis kuj yog kev kho saum npoo tom ntej -xws li pleev xim, galvanizing, blackening, lossis oiling. Ntau cov khoom lag luam ua tsis tiav ntxov tsis yog vim qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm hlau tau xaiv thawj zaug, tab sis vim kev tiv thaiv corrosion thiab kev saib xyuas tsis txaus.
III. Stainless hlau: Lub npe ntxim nyiam tshaj plaws, tsis tau nkag siab tshaj plaws
Lo lus "stainless steel" tuaj yeem nkag siab. Laypeople feem ntau txhais nws li "steel uas tsis rusts." Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws tshaj lij cov ntaub ntawv yuav ua kom meej meej: stainless hlau tsuas yog * ntau * corrosion- tiv taus ntau qhov chaw; nws tsis tiv thaiv xeb hauv * txhua qhov * ib puag ncig.
Cov lus zais rau stainless hlau "stainless" xwm nyob rau hauv nws cov ntsiab lus chromium. Thaum cov ntsiab lus chromium nce mus txog 10.5% lossis siab dua, qhov ntom ntom, chromium-nplua nuj oxide zaj duab xis ua rau ntawm cov hlau saum npoo, zoo thaiv cov pa thiab ya raws. Txawm li cas los xij, zaj duab xis no tsis yog invincible; nws tseem tuaj yeem cuam tshuam hauv qee qhov chaw.
Stainless Hlau Qib thiab Cov Khoom Siv: Ib Q&A Xaiv - Qijia.com Academy
304 stainless hlau yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab zoo - kev xaiv sib npaug. Nws muaj ntau dua 18% chromium thiab 8% nickel- qauv "18-8" classic. Nws ua tau raws li cov qauv zaub mov, muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov, thiab tsim nyog rau feem ntau ntawm cov chaw txhua hnub; Txawm hais tias rau chav ua noj dab dej, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov tais diav, lossis cov khoom siv sab hauv, 304 feem ntau yog txaus.
316 stainless hlau muaj qhov ntxiv 2% mus rau 3% molybdenum piv rau 304. Molybdenum tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tiv thaiv chlorides-xws li cov dej hiav txwv, ntsev tsuag, thiab tshuaj chlorine-raws li cov tshuaj ntxuav tes- ua 316 nyob deb tshaj li 304. Yog li ntawd, feem ntau yog li ntawd. "marine-qib steel," txawm hais tias nws los ntawm tus nqi siab dua.
430 stainless hlau yog lwm qib. Nws yog ferritic stainless hlau uas yog hlau nplaum; nws raug nqi tsawg dua 304 thiab muaj qhov nruab nrab corrosion kuj. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau qhov chaw qhuav hauv tsev, xws li cov khoom siv casings thiab décor sab hauv. Ntau tus neeg xav yuam kev tias vim 430 yog hlau nplaum, nws yog "cov hlau tsis zoo," tab sis qhov no yog kev xav tsis zoo; 430 tsuas yog nyob rau ib pawg sib txawv dua li 304.
Kuj tseem muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg los saib xyuas: 201 stainless hlau. Nws siv manganese thiab nitrogen los hloov ib nrab nqi npib tsib xee, ua rau nws pheej yig dua, tab sis nws cov kev tiv thaiv corrosion yog qhov qis dua ntawm 304. Thaum nws ua haujlwm zoo hauv qhov chaw qhuav hauv tsev, nws muaj teeb meem hauv cov av noo.
Duab
Cov lus hauv qab no yog ib phau ntawv qhia yooj yim rau kev nkag siab cov qib no:
Txoj cai ntawm tus ntiv tes xoo: rau cov chav ua noj txheem thiab cov dej dav dav -ib puag ncig raug, 304 feem ntau yog txaus; Txawm li cas los xij, rau thaj chaw ntug dej hiav txwv, raug tshuaj ntsev, tshuaj chlorine - cov tshuaj ntxuav tes, lossis cov tshuaj siv tshuaj, koj yuav tsum xav txog 316, 316L, lossis 2205.
Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj teeb meem zoo npaum li cas ntawm cov hlau tsis zoo, nws tseem muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov teeb meem tshwm sim los ntawm kev siv dej ntev ntev, kev sib xyaw ntsev hauv cov kab nrib pleb, qhov chaw ntxhib, thiab kev tu tsis raug. Cov khoom zoo suav nrog ib nrab ntawm qhov sib npaug; kev tsim qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ib puag ncig ua rau lwm tus ib nrab.
IV. Alloy Steel: Lub zog feem ntau nyob ntawm kev kho cua sov
Lo lus "alloy steel" suab zoo kawg nkaus, tab sis nws tsis yog ib qho "kho dua tshiab ntawm stainless hlau." Alloy steel feem ntau tsim los tsis yog rau xeb, tab sis txhim khu lub zog, toughness, thiab hnav tsis kam, los yog txhim kho hardenability.
Nws yog tsim los ntawm txhob txwm ntxiv cov ntsiab lus alloying- xws li chromium, molybdenum, npib tsib xee, manganese, thiab titanium- mus rau carbon steel puag. Cov kev sib ntxiv no tseem ceeb txhim kho cov hlau lub zog, toughness, thiab hardenability.
Alloy Steel Series - Huasheng Hlau
Siv 40Cr, piv txwv li; nws yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau siv structural alloy steels. Nws muaj kwv yees li 0.8% mus rau 1.1% chromium. Tom qab quenching thiab tempering, nws pom zoo tag nrho cov neeg kho tshuab zog thiab zoo hardenability. Nws yog feem ntau siv los tsim cov khoom lag luam uas yuav tsum muaj kev nrawm nrawm thiab thauj khoom, xws li cov cuab yeej siv tshuab, cov ncej, thiab cov kab cab.
42CrMo muab lub zog ntau dua. Tom qab quenching thiab tempering, nws tuaj yeem ua tiav lub zog tensile ntawm 1079 N / mm² thiab lub zog tawm ntawm 931 N / mm². Nws yog tsim rau cov iav thiab ncej cov khoom uas yuav tsum tau tiv taus hnyav loads thiab ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj siab precision.
20CrMnTi sawv cev rau txoj hauv kev sib txawv. Nws muaj cov ntsiab lus carbon tsawg, xws li kwv yees li 0.17% txog 0.23%. Los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm carburizing ua raws li los ntawm quenching, lub hardness saum npoo tuaj yeem ncav cuag HRC 58-62, thaum cov tub ntxhais tseem khaws nws cov tawv. Qhov "nyuaj sab nrauv, tawv sab hauv" tus yam ntxwv ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau cov khoom raug cuam tshuam thiab kev sib txhuam, xws li cov iav hauv tsheb sib kis.
Alloy steel yuav tsum tsis txhob raug tshem tawm nrog daim ntawv lo yooj yim xws li "siab zog." Cov lus nug tiag tiag nug yog: Nws puas tau dhau los quenching thiab tempering lossis carburizing? Nws puas tau sov- kho? Thiab dab tsi yog qhov kawg hardness thiab toughness qib?
Tsawg-Alloy High-Speed Steel – Product Center – Antai Technology Co., Ltd.
V. Cov cuab yeej hlau: Tsis yog rau kev txhawb nqa, tab sis rau Kev Hnav Hnav
Lub npe "cov cuab yeej steel" yog ncaj nraim: nws yog cov hlau siv los ua cov cuab yeej, pwm, thiab txiav cov khoom siv.
Hauv thaj tsam ntawm cov cuab yeej hlau, cov lus nug feem ntau tsis yog hais txog kev xeb, tab sis theej: "Nws puas tuaj yeem ua tiav siab hardness?" "Yuav ua li cas zoo tiv hnav?" thiab "Nws puas tuaj yeem tuav nws txoj kev ncaj ncees ntawm qhov kub thiab txias?" Cov cuab yeej steel yog dav categorized ua peb hom raws li daim ntawv thov:
Txias- ua haujlwm tuag steel - Jiebao (Tianjin) Tuag & Pwm Technology Co., Ltd.
Txias-ua haujlwm tuag steel yog siv rau cov pwm uas ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Cr12MoV yog ib qho piv txwv zoo; Nws muaj cov ntsiab lus carbon siab (2.0% -2.3%) thiab cov ntsiab lus chromium ntawm 11% -12.5%. Characterized los ntawm siab hardness thiab zoo heev hnav tsis kam, nws yog haum rau manufacturing precision, complex stamping tuag thiab txias extrusion tuag.
Kub- ua haujlwm steel
Kub-ua haujlwm tuag steel yog siv rau cov pwm uas ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. H13 yog ib qho piv txwv. Nws khaws nws cov hardness thiab lub zog txawm nyob rau ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, ua rau nws haum rau kub extrusion tuag, casting pwm, thiab tuag-casting pwm. Cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov rau H13 thiab Cr12MoV sib txawv: H13 feem ntau ua rau quenching tom qab los ntawm siab -kub tempering, whereas Cr12MoV feem ntau undergoes quenching tom qab los ntawm qis-kub tempering.
High - steel ceev yog siv rau cov cuab yeej txiav. Cov qib xws li W18Cr4V thiab W6Mo5Cr4V2 tuaj yeem tuav lub hardness ntawm kev txiav ntug txawm tias qhov kub thiab txias tau tsim thaum lub sij hawm siab -ceev txiav- cov cuab yeej hu ua "liab hardness."
Koj * tuaj yeem * siv cov cuab yeej hlau los ua ib qho khoom siv zoo tib yam, tau kawg, tab sis feem ntau nws tsis raug nqi - zoo. Nws tus nqi tseeb yog nyob rau hauv kev thov ntau ntxiv nrog rau kev txiav cov npoo, blanking, tuag-casting, kub forging, thiab machining.
VI. Thaum xaiv cov ntaub ntawv tiag tiag, tsis txhob nug "qhov twg zoo dua?"
Ib qho yuam kev hauv kev tsim cov khoom lag luam yog cia ib qho metric override tag nrho lwm yam kev xav. Cov neeg feem ntau xav tias 316 tau zoo dua li 304, cov hlau alloy yog qhov zoo tshaj rau cov hlau, los yog cov tawv tawv dua tuaj yeem lav tau ntau dua.
Cov kws tshaj lij engineers tsis tshua muaj kev xaiv li no. Hloov chaw, lawv thawj zaug xav txog cov xwm txheej uas cov khoom yuav ntsib.
Rau cov cuab yeej zoo tib yam lossis tshuab thav duab: Cov kws ua haujlwm feem ntau saib Q235 lossis Q355 ua ntej, tsom mus rau kev tsim qauv, vuam, thiab kev tiv thaiv corrosion.
Rau cov dab dej hauv chav ua noj, lub tshuab nqus tsev, lossis cov khoom siv rooj: 304 yog ib qho kev xaiv, sib npaug; 316 lossis 316L tsuas yog xav tau yog tias qhov chaw ua haujlwm xav tau ntau dua. Rau seaside railings lossis sab nraum zoov fasteners: Tsis txhob cia li hais tias "stainless steel"; Qhia qhov txawv ntawm cov qib xws li 304, 316, thiab 2205.
Rau lub zog, ncej, lossis hnyav- cov khoom sib txuas: Xav txog qib xws li 40Cr, 20CrMnTi, thiab 42CrMo, tab sis ua tib zoo saib xyuas kev kho cua sov.
Rau cov cuab yeej txiav, txiab, lossis cov hniav: Cov kev xaiv muaj xws li 420, 440C, siab - carbon steel, lossis cov cuab yeej hlau; Qhov tseem ceeb yog ntsuas hardness thiab toughness.
Rau pwm: Ua ntej sib txawv ntawm qhov txias- ua haujlwm, kub- ua haujlwm, thiab cov pwm yas ua ntej sib tham txog cov qib tshwj xeeb xws li Cr12MoV, H13, lossis P20.
VII. Qee qhov kev ceeb toom rau kev yuav khoom thiab tsim qauv
Tsis txhob cia li sau "steel." Yam tsawg kawg nkaus, qhia cov qib, cov khoom siv, kev kho saum npoo, thiab cov qauv siv tau.
Tsis txhob cia li sau "stainless steel." Tus nqi thiab corrosion kuj ntawm qib zoo li 201, 304, 316, thiab 430 txawv heev.
Tsis txhob siv cov hlau nplaum raws li ib qho kev ntsuas. Qib zoo li 430, 410, thiab 420 yog ib txwm sib nqus, thaum 304 tuaj yeem pom cov hlau nplaum tsis muaj zog tom qab ua haujlwm txias.
Tsis txhob saib xyuas kev kho cua sov. Rau cov hlau xws li 45, 40Cr, 42CrMo, thiab cov cuab yeej steel, kev ua tau zoo sib txawv nyob ntawm cov khoom siv.
Tsis txhob kho cov teeb meem ntawm cov khoom thiab cov teeb meem hauv kev sib cais. Cov teeb meem zoo li dej hauv qhov sib cais, kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov kaum ntse ntse, lossis kev kho cov vuam tsis zoo tuaj yeem ua rau cov ntaub ntawv zoo tshaj plaws ua tsis tiav ntxov.
Ib lo lus kawg
Thaum nws los txog rau hlau, qhov "ze txaus" kev xav yog txaus ntshai. Cov ntaub ntawv yuav zoo ib yam (nyiaj-dawb) thiab sib koom tib lub npe ("steel"), tab sis nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, ib tug yuav kav ib xyoo caum thaum lwm rusts nyob rau hauv rau lub hlis; ib qho yuav haum rau cov iav, thaum lwm qhov yog haum rau lub hauv paus bracket.
Yog li ntawd, thaum ntsuas steel, tsis txhob pib nrog cov lus nug xws li "Puas yog nws kim?", "Puas ci ntsa iab?", lossis "Nws puas yog stainless?" Pib nrog daim ntawv thov scenario: Nws puas xav tau xeb tiv thaiv, thauj khoom-cov kabmob muaj peev xwm, hnav tsis kam, kev kho cua sov, lossis weldability?
Tsis muaj ib qho "zoo tshaj" steel; qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws tsuas yog txiav txim siab los ntawm ib puag ncig tshwj xeeb uas nws yuav siv.
