Lub thav duab ntawm koj lub xov tooj smartphone, lub log ntawm lub siab - tsheb ciav hlau ceev, thiab txawm tias lub cav ntawm lub dav hlau dav hlau - yog vim li cas lawv thiaj li muaj zog, tawv, thiab ruaj khov rau xyoo? Qhov zais cia nyob hauv cov txheej txheem tsis pom: kev kho cua sov. Nws tsis hloov cov duab, tab sis theej imbues cov khoom siv nrog "tus ntsuj plig."
Qhov no tuaj yeem suav tias yog "alchemy" ntawm kev lag luam niaj hnub.
I. Kev kho cua sov yog dab tsi? Vim li cas nws thiaj suav tias yog "lub zog sab hauv"?
Xav txog ib daim hlau ua ib pab tub rog. Lub microstructure tom qab casting thiab forging tej zaum yuav chaotic thiab tsis meej pem, zoo li ib pab tub rog uas tsis tau kawm. Kev kho cua sov, dhau los ntawm cov txheej txheem "cua sov- tuav-txias", rov txhim kho qhov tsim (microstructure) ntawm cov tub rog no, yog li tso tawm nws lub peev xwm muaj peev xwm.
Nws cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv: tsis hloov cov duab thiab tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub workpiece, nws muaj peev xwm hloov nws txhua yam khoom, xws li hardness, zog, toughness, thiab hnav tsis kam. Qhov no zoo li muab tib tus neeg sib txawv kev cob qhia tshwj xeeb, ua rau lawv yog tus sprinter lossis tus kws tshaj lij endurance.
II. Plaub "hluav taws" txheej txheem rau Strengthening Steel: Annealing, Normalizing, Quenching, thiab Tempering
Cov no yog plaub qhov txheej txheem tseem ceeb hauv kev kho cua sov tag nrho, hu ua "Four Fires."
1. Annealing: Relaxing cov khoom
Cov txheej txheem: Cua sov kom haum rau qhov kub thiab txias thiab maj mam txias.
Lub hom phiaj: Txhawm rau tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv, txo cov tawv nqaij, txhim kho plasticity, thiab pab txhawb kev ua haujlwm tom ntej. Nws zoo li muab lub cev nruj tag nrho cov zaws thiab so, npaj nws rau qhov siab tom ntej - kev kawm siv zog (xws li machining lossis quenching).
Hauv kev tsim khoom: Qhov no yog thawj kauj ruam ua ntej machining ntau qhov chaw, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog castings thiab forgings, uas yuav tsum tau annealed rau "loosen" lawv.
Dab tsi yog qhov kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb ntawm lub qhov cub annealing? Taw qhia rau Annealing Furnaces_Bododo
2. Normalizing: Homogenizing lub microstructure
Cov txheej txheem: Cua sov ua raws li ntuj txias hauv huab cua.
Cov nyhuv: Zoo ib yam li annealing, tab sis txias yog me ntsis sai dua, ua rau ib tug finer microstructure thiab me ntsis siab zog thiab hardness tshaj annealed qhov chaw.
Lub Hom Phiaj: Feem ntau siv los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj - carbon steel, los yog kev kho zaum kawg rau cov khoom uas yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm tsawg. Nws yog kev lag luam thiab ua tau zoo "standardized" txheej txheem.
Normalizing, annealing, quenching, thiab tempering: Koj puas paub tias plaub txheej txheem kev kho cua sov no yog dab tsi? - Zhihu
3. Quenching: Muab cov ntaub ntawv "steel body"
Cov txheej txheem: Tom qab cua sov, ceev ceev hauv qhov nruab nrab xws li dej los yog roj.
Cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb: Tau txais cov qauv martensitic, nce hardness thiab lub zog loj. Qhov no yog cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv hardening steel.
Txawm li cas los xij, cov kev mob tshwm sim: Tom qab quenching, cov khoom ua nkig, nrog kev ntxhov siab loj, zoo li lub hneev rub tag nrho, ua rau nws yooj yim tawg yog siv ncaj qha.
Kaum txoj kev quenching hauv cov txheej txheem kho cua sov, koj puas paub ntau npaum li cas? - OFweek Industrial Control Network
4. Tempering: A "yuav tsum-ua" tom qab quenching
Cov txheej txheem: Reheating lub quenched workpiece kom qis dua (150-650 degree), tuav ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, thiab ces txias.
Lub hom phiaj: Tshem tawm brittleness thiab kev ntxhov siab sab hauv, kho tag nrho kev ua tau zoo. Untempered qhov chaw yog cov khoom siv phom sij. Los ntawm tempering ntawm qhov kub sib txawv, qhov pom kev sib npaug ntawm hardness, lub zog, thiab toughness tuaj yeem pom.
Kev sib xyaw tseem ceeb: quenching + High -Temperature Tempering=Tempering Treatment. Qhov no yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws kom tau txais cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws (ob leeg muaj zog thiab tawv), dav siv hauv qhov tseem ceeb xws li shafts thiab gears.
Lub hom phiaj ntawm tempering yog dab tsi? Dab tsi yog cov txheej txheem tempering uas nquag siv? Lawv cov microstructure thiab kev ua tau zoo yog dab tsi? - Kev paub Baidu
Yooj Yim Mnemonic: Annealing rau softness, normalizing rau uniformity, quenching rau hardness, tempering rau toughness.
III. Ntau tshaj li "Four Fires": Nto thiab Tshuaj Kho Thaum Tshav Kub Kub
Rau ntau qhov chaw, peb tsuas yog xav tau ib qho nyuaj thiab hnav- txheej txheej tiv taus thaum tuav lub zog sab hauv. Qhov no yuav tsum muaj cov txheej txheem ntau dua.
Kev kho cua sov saum npoo: xws li induction hardening, siv siab - zaus tam sim no kom sov tam sim ntawd ntawm qhov chaw thiab tom qab ntawd txias nws sai, tsuas yog "hardening" txheej txheej. Feem ntau siv rau iav hniav nto thiab cov ntawv xov xwm.
Kev kho cua sov: Cov cua kub hauv ib qho nruab nrab tso cai rau cov ntsiab lus xws li carbon thiab nitrogen nkag mus rau saum npoo, hloov kho lawv cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg.
Carburizing: Ntxiv cov pa roj carbon monoxide rau saum npoo ntawm qis- carbon steel ua rau ib qho nyuaj, hnav- resistant nto thiab zoo core toughness tom qab quenching. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb technology rau automotive iav.
Nitriding: Ua kom siab -hardness, hnav heev-resistant, thiab corrosion{2}} tiv thaiv nitride txheej ntawm qhov chaw nrog tsawg deformation. Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb rau precision tshuab cuab yeej spindles thiab aero- cav qhov chaw.
Siab - lub zog iav carburizing, quenching, thiab tempering cua sov txheej txheem - Danyang Electric Furnace Factory Co., Ltd.
IV. Thaum tshav kub kub kho thiab Advanced Manufacturing: Lub Cornerstone Qab Precision
Hauv kev tsim khoom siab- kawg, kev kho cua sov tsis yog txheej txheem "nrhiav thiab npaj tau" lawm, tab sis yog "kev phais mob microscopic" rau qhov tseeb, digitalization, thiab tswj tau.
Aerospace: Lub cav turbine disks tau txais kev kho cua sov los tiv thaiv oxidation, tswj cov nplej loj, thiab xyuas kom muaj kev ua tau zoo thiab kev ua neej nyob hauv qhov kub thiab txias.
Tshiab Zog Tsheb: Silicon steel ntawv rau siab - kev ua tau zoo tsav motors undergo tshwj xeeb annealing kom txo tau hlau, ncaj qha txhim kho lub cev muaj zog efficiency thiab ntau yam.
Precision Medical Devices: Kev phais scalpels thiab orthopedic implants ua tau zoo heev biocompatibility thiab hnav tsis kam los ntawm kev kho tshwj xeeb nto thiab qis -kub plasma nitriding.
Semiconductor thiab Chip Manufacturing: Precision cov lus qhia thiab theem hauv cov khoom siv xws li lithography tshuab, ua tiav nanometer- theem kev ruaj ntseg, vam khom siab rau cryogenic stress nyem thiab precision aging kho.
Nws tuaj yeem hais tias tsis muaj cov txheej txheem kho cua sov siab, txhim khu kev qha siab heev yog tsis yooj yim sua. Nws multiplies tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv zoo tib yam thiab tso cai rau leaps hauv kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb.
V. Ib qho kev xav: Peb puas tau txo qis tus nqi ntawm "cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj"?
Hauv kev nrhiav kev txiav- thev naus laus zis xws li 3D luam ntawv, kev txawj ntse, thiab cov ntaub ntawv tshiab, cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb xws li kev kho cua sov yuav zoo li "ib txwm." Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog qhov tseeb ntawm qhov kev ua kom zoo "sab hauv lub zog" uas yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev tsim khoom siab - kawg. Cov ntaub ntawv txhais cov ciam teb ntawm kev tsim, thaum kho cua sov txiav txim siab txog thaj tsam ntawm cov khoom siv.
