Kev sau ua tiav ntawm cov txheej txheem hlau, dab tsi ntxiv muaj dua li kev ua haujlwm?
Cov txheej txheem tsim cov khoom siv yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim ib feem thiab qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev ua cov txheej txheem. Ntxiv nrog rau kev siv tshuab, hlau txhaj tshuaj molding, yas tsim thiab 3D luam ntawv uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau xyoo tas los no yog tag nrho cov thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb. Cia peb ua tib zoo saib cov txheej txheem hlau no Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv tes ua.
casting
Cov hlau ua kua yog nchuav rau hauv cov pwm kab noj hniav uas tsim nyog rau cov duab thiab qhov loj ntawm qhov, thiab txias thiab khov kom tau qhov khoob lossis qhov chaw. Nws feem ntau hu ua kua hlau ua los yog casting.
Txheej txheem khiav: kua hlau → filling → solidification shrinkage → casting
Txheej txheem nta:
1. Nws tuaj yeem tsim qhov chaw nrog cov duab tsis sib xws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas muaj cov kab noj hniav zoo nkauj.
2. Muaj zog adaptability, unlimited hom alloys, yuav luag unlimited loj ntawm castings.
3. Lub hauv paus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yog dav, cov khoom pov tseg tuaj yeem rov ua dua, thiab cov cuab yeej siv nyiaj tsawg.
4. Cov khib nyiab siab, qhov chaw tsis zoo thiab ua haujlwm tsis zoo.
Casting Classification:
(1) Sand casting (xuab zeb casting)
Casting txoj kev tsim cov castings hauv cov xuab zeb pwm. Hlau, hlau thiab feem ntau non-ferrous alloy castings tuaj yeem tau los ntawm xuab zeb casting.
Txheej txheem khiav:
Technical nta:
1. Nws yog tsim rau kev ua blanks nrog complex duab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrog complex puab kab noj hniav;
2. Kev hloov pauv dav dav thiab tus nqi qis;
3. Rau qee cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis zoo plasticity, xws li cam khwb cia hlau, xuab zeb casting yog tib txoj kev tsim rau kev tsim nws cov khoom los yog qhov khoob.
Daim ntawv thov: Cav lub tog raj kheej thaiv, lub tog raj kheej taub hau, crankshaft thiab lwm yam castings ntawm tsheb
(2) Kev nqis peev casting (kev nqis peev casting)
Feem ntau, nws yog hais txog kev ua tus qauv los ntawm cov khoom siv fusible, npog lub npoo ntawm cov qauv nrog ob peb txheej ntawm cov khoom siv refractory los ua lub plhaub, thiab tom qab ntawd melting tus qauv thiab tso tawm lub plhaub, thiaj li tau txais cov pwm tsis muaj qhov sib cais. , uas tuaj yeem ntim tau tom qab kub kub roasting. Casting daws rau xuab zeb pouring. Feem ntau hu ua "poob ciab casting".
Txheej txheem khiav:
qhov zoo:
1. High dimensional precision thiab geometric raug;
2. High deg roughness;
3. Nws tuaj yeem nrum castings nrog cov duab nyuaj, thiab cov hlau casting tsis txwv.
Disadvantages: txheej txheem nyuaj thiab tus nqi siab
Daim ntawv thov: Nws yog tsim rau zus tau tej cov me me qhov chaw nrog complex duab, high precision yuav tsum, los yog nyuaj ua lwm yam, xws li cov hniav ntawm turbine cav, thiab lwm yam.
(3) Tuag casting
Siv kev kub siab los nias molten hlau mus rau hauv lub precision hlau pwm kab noj hniav ntawm kev kub ceev, cov hlau molten txias thiab solidified nyob rau hauv siab los tsim ib tug casting.
Txheej txheem khiav:
qhov zoo:
1. Thaum lub sij hawm tuag-casting, cov hlau ua kua bears siab siab thiab tus nqi khiav ceev
2. Cov khoom zoo, ruaj khov loj thiab zoo sib hloov;
3. Kev ua haujlwm ntau lawm yog siab, thiab cov pwm tuag-casting tuaj yeem siv ntau zaus;
4. Nws yog tsim rau kev tsim khoom loj thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev lag luam.
tsis txaus:
1. Castings yog yooj yim rau me me pores thiab shrinkage.
2. Tuag castings muaj plasticity tsawg, yog li nws tsis haum rau ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tej yam load thiab kev co;
3. Thaum tuag-casting high-melting point alloys, lub neej ntawm cov pwm yog tsawg, uas cuam tshuam rau expansion ntawm tuag-casting ntau lawm.
Daim ntawv thov: Tuag castings tau xub siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam tsheb thiab kev lag luam ntsuas, thiab tom qab ntawd maj mam nthuav dav mus rau ntau yam kev lag luam, xws li cov tshuab ua liaj ua teb, tshuab cuab yeej kev lag luam, kev lag luam hluav taws xob, kev lag luam tiv thaiv, khoos phis tawj, khoom siv kho mob, moos, koob yees duab thiab khoom siv niaj hnub. thiab lwm yam kev lag luam.
(4) Tsis tshua muaj siab casting (tsis tshua muaj siab casting)
Hais txog txoj kev sau cov pwm nrog cov kua hlau nyob rau hauv lub siab qis (0.02-0.06MPa) thiab crystallizing nyob rau hauv siab los tsim ib tug casting.
Txheej txheem khiav:
Technical nta:
1. Lub siab thiab ceev thaum lub sij hawm nchuav tuaj yeem hloov kho, yog li nws tuaj yeem siv rau ntau yam pwm pwm (xws li pwm hlau, xuab zeb pwm, thiab lwm yam), casting ntau yam alloys thiab castings ntawm ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg;
2. Kev txhaj tshuaj hauv qab hom filling yog saws, lub molten hlau filling yog ruaj khov yam tsis muaj splashing, uas tuaj yeem zam cov roj sib xyaw thiab kev yaig ntawm cov pwm phab ntsa thiab cov tub ntxhais, thiab txhim kho qhov tsim nyog tus nqi ntawm castings;
3. Lub casting crystallizes nyob rau hauv lub siab, lub casting qauv yog ntom, cov txheej txheem yog meej, lub nto yog du, thiab cov neeg kho tshuab zog yog siab, uas yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog zoo rau lub casting ntawm loj thiab nyias-walled qhov chaw;
4. Kev pub noj riser raug tshem tawm, thiab kev siv hlau tau nce mus rau 90-98 feem pua ;
5. Kev siv zog tsawg, kev ua haujlwm zoo, cov khoom siv yooj yim, yooj yim rau kev paub tshuab thiab automation.
Daim ntawv thov: feem ntau yog cov khoom lag luam (lub tog raj kheej taub hau, lub log hub, lub tog raj kheej ncej, thiab lwm yam).
(5) centrifugal casting (centrifugal casting)
Ib txoj kev casting nyob rau hauv uas molten hlau yog poured rau hauv ib tug rotating pwm, thiab cov pwm yog sau thiab solidified nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm centrifugal quab yuam.
Txheej txheem khiav:
qhov zoo:
1. Yuav luag tsis muaj hlau noj nyob rau hauv lub pouring system thiab riser system, uas txhim kho cov txheej txheem yield;
2. Tsis tas yuav tsum muaj cov tub ntxhais thaum tsim cov hollow castings, yog li cov hlau filling muaj peev xwm tuaj yeem txhim kho zoo heev thaum tsim cov tubular castings ntev;
3. Lub ntsej muag muaj qhov ntom ntom ntom ntom, tsawg dua qhov tsis xws luag xws li pores thiab slag suav, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob;
4. Nws yog qhov yooj yim los tsim cov khoom sib xyaw hlau xws li cov thoob thiab lub tes tsho.
tsis txaus:
1. Muaj qee qhov kev txwv thaum siv los tsim cov khoom tshwj xeeb zoo li tus castings;
2. Txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub puab qhov ntawm lub casting yog tsis raug, qhov saum npoo ntawm lub puab lub qhov yog ntxhib, qhov zoo yog tsis zoo, thiab cov nyiaj txiag machining yog loj;
3. Castings yog nquag rau kev sib cais tshwj xeeb
daim ntawv thov:
Centrifugal casting yog thawj zaug siv los tsim cov kav dej. Nyob rau hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws, centrifugal casting tshuab yog siv nyob rau hauv metallurgy, mining, tsheb thauj mus los, kua thiab irrigation machinery, aviation, lub teb chaws tiv thaiv, tsheb thiab lwm yam lag luam los tsim steel, hlau thiab non-ferrous carbon alloy castings. Ntawm lawv, kev tsim cov castings xws li centrifugal cam khwb cia hlau kav, sab hauv combustion engine cylinder liners thiab ncej tes tsho yog qhov ntau tshaj.
(6) Hlau pwm casting (lub ntiajteb txawj nqus tuag casting)
Ib txoj kev molding nyob rau hauv uas cov kua hlau sau cov pwm hlau nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus thiab txias thiab solidifies nyob rau hauv pwm kom tau ib tug casting.
Txheej txheem khiav:
qhov zoo:
1. Lub thermal conductivity thiab tshav kub muaj peev xwm ntawm cov pwm hlau yog loj, qhov txias txias yog ceev, cov qauv ntawm cov casting yog ntom, thiab cov khoom siv tshuab yog li ntawm 15 feem pua siab dua li cov xuab zeb casting.
2. Castings nrog qhov siab qhov tseeb thiab tsis tshua muaj qhov roughness tuaj yeem tau txais, thiab kev ruaj ntseg zoo.
3. Vim tias cov xuab zeb cores tsis siv lossis tsis tshua siv, ib puag ncig tau txhim kho, cov plua plav thiab cov pa phem raug txo, thiab kev siv zog txo qis.
tsis txaus:
1. Cov pwm hlau nws tus kheej tsis muaj huab cua permeability, thiab qee qhov kev ntsuas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau kev xa tawm huab cua hauv cov kab noj hniav thiab cov roj uas tsim los ntawm cov xuab zeb core;
2. Cov hom hlau tsis muaj kev pom zoo, thiab cov casting yog feem ntau tawg thaum nws solidifies;
3. Lub voj voog ntawm cov hlau pwm tsim tau ntev dua thiab tus nqi siab dua. Yog li ntawd, cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev lag luam tuaj yeem pom tsuas yog thaum loj-tsim nyob rau hauv ntau.
daim ntawv thov:
Hlau pwm casting tsis yog tsuas yog tsim rau huab hwm coj ntau lawm ntawm non-ferrous alloy castings xws li txhuas alloys thiab magnesium alloys nrog complex duab, tab sis kuj rau zus tau tej cov hlau thiab hlau hlau castings thiab ingots.
(7) Nqus tuag casting (nqus casting)
Nws yog cov txheej txheem kev tuag-casting siab heev uas txhim kho cov khoom siv dag zog thiab qhov zoo ntawm qhov chaw tuag-casting los ntawm kev tshem tawm lossis txo cov pores thiab yaj cov roj hauv cov khoom siv tuag los ntawm kev rho tawm cov roj hauv cov pwm tuag-casting thaum lub sijhawm tuag-casting txheej txheem.
Txheej txheem khiav:
qhov zoo:
1. Tshem tawm lossis txo qhov pores hauv qhov tuag casting, txhim kho cov khoom siv thiab qhov zoo ntawm qhov tuag casting, thiab txhim kho cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm;
2. Txhawm rau txo lub nraub qaum ntawm cov kab noj hniav, cov hlau nplaum uas muaj qhov tshwj xeeb qis thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo tuaj yeem siv tau, thiab nws tuaj yeem ua rau tuag-cam khwb cia loj nrog cov tshuab me me;
3. Cov khoom ntim tau zoo dua qub, thiab cov hlau nplaum tuaj yeem ua rau tuag;
tsis txaus:
1. Cov pwm sealing qauv yog qhov nyuaj, thiab nws nyuaj rau kev tsim thiab nruab, yog li tus nqi siab;
2. Yog hais tias lub tshuab nqus tsev tuag-casting txoj kev tsis zoo tswj, cov nyhuv yuav tsis tseem ceeb heev.
(8) Squeeze casting (squeezing tuag casting)
Cov txheej txheem ntawm solidifying kua los yog semi-khoom hlau nyob rau hauv siab siab, ntws sib sau, thiab ncaj qha mus tau txais workpieces los yog blanks. Nws muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev siv siab ntawm cov kua hlau, cov txheej txheem yooj yim thiab ruaj khov zoo. Nws yog lub zog-txuag hlau ua tshuab nrog cov peev txheej thov kev cia siab.
Txheej txheem khiav:
Direct extrusion casting: tshuaj tsuag xim, cam khwb cia hlau, pwm clamping, pressurization, siab tswj, siab nyem, pwm splitting, dawb paug demoulding, pib dua;
Indirect extrusion casting: txheej, pwm clamping, pub, filling, pressurization, siab tuav, siab nyem, pwm parting, dawb paug demoulding, pib dua.
Technical nta:
1. Nws tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov teeb meem sab hauv xws li pores, shrinkage kab noj hniav thiab shrinkage porosity;
2. Tsawg nto roughness thiab siab qhov tseeb;
3. Nws tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev tsim cov kab nrib pleb;
4. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim kom paub mechanization thiab automation.
Daim ntawv thov: Nws tuaj yeem siv los tsim ntau hom alloys, xws li aluminium alloy, zinc alloy, tooj liab alloy, ductile hlau, thiab lwm yam.
(9) Poob ua npuas ncauj casting
Cov qauv paraffin lossis ua npuas ncauj zoo ib yam li qhov loj thiab zoo li cov castings yog sib txuas thiab ua ke rau hauv cov qauv pawg. Tom qab txhuam cov xim refractory thiab ziab, lawv tau faus rau hauv cov xuab zeb qhuav quartz rau kev vibration molding, thiab ncuav nyob rau hauv qhov tsis zoo siab kom vaporize tus qauv, thiab cov kua hlau ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv Model txoj hauj lwm, ib tug tshiab casting txoj kev uas tsim ib tug casting tom qab solidification thiab txias.
Txheej txheem khiav: pre-foaming → foaming molding → dipping xim → ziab → qauv → pouring → co → tu
Technical nta:
1. Lub casting muaj siab precision thiab tsis muaj xuab zeb core, uas txo lub sij hawm ua;
2. Tsis muaj parting nto, saj zawg zog tsim thiab high degree ntawm kev ywj pheej;
3. Kev tsim khoom huv si, tsis muaj kuab paug;
4. Txo kev nqis peev thiab cov nqi tsim khoom.
daim ntawv thov:
Nws yog tsim rau zus tau tej cov precision castings ntawm ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg nrog complex qauv. Cov hom alloys tsis txwv, thiab cov khoom tsim tawm tsis txwv. Xws li grey cam khwb cia hlau rooj plaub, siab manganese steel luj tshib, thiab lwm yam.
(10) Nruam casting (nruam casting)
Ib txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws casting, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus yog kom tsis tu ncua ncuav molten hlau mus rau hauv ib qho tshwj xeeb hlau pwm hu ua crystallizer, thiab cov solidified (crusted) casting yog txuas ntxiv rub tawm los ntawm lwm qhov kawg ntawm crystallizer, Nws tuaj yeem tau txais castings ntawm txhua qhov ntev lossis tshwj xeeb. ntev.
Technical nta:
1. Vim yog qhov txias txias ntawm cov hlau, cov crystallization yog ntom, cov qauv zoo ib yam, thiab cov khoom siv tshuab zoo;
2. Txuag hlau thiab nce yield;
3. Cov txheej txheem yog yooj yim, thiab cov qauv thiab lwm yam txheej txheem raug zam, yog li txo qhov kev siv zog; qhov xav tau ntau lawm cheeb tsam kuj txo qis heev;
4. Nruam casting ntau lawm yog ib qho yooj yim kom paub mechanization thiab automation, thiab txhim kho ntau lawm efficiency.
daim ntawv thov:
Txoj kev nruam nruam tuaj yeem nrum hlau, hlau, tooj liab alloy, aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy thiab lwm yam kev ua haujlwm ntev nrog cov duab sib dhos tas li, xws li ingots, slabs, billets, kav, thiab lwm yam.
yas sib sau
Siv cov plasticity ntawm cov khoom, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua cov workpiece nrog tsawg txiav los yog tsis txiav nyob rau hauv lub sab nraud quab yuam ntawm lub cuab tam thiab pwm. Nws muaj ntau hom, feem ntau suav nrog forging, dov, extrusion, kos duab, stamping thiab lwm yam.
(1) forging
Nws yog ib txoj hauv kev uas siv cov tshuab forging los siv lub siab rau cov hlau blanks ua rau cov yas deformation kom tau txais forgings nrog qee yam khoom siv, qee yam duab thiab ntau thiab tsawg.
Raws li cov txheej txheem tsim, forging tuaj yeem muab faib ua dawb forging, tuag forging, nplhaib dov thiab tshwj xeeb forging.
Free forging: feem ntau ntawm rauj forging lossis hydraulic xovxwm, siv cov cuab yeej yooj yim rau rauj hlau ingots lossis blocks rau hauv cov duab thiab qhov ntau thiab tsawg.
Tuag forging: Nws yog tsim los ntawm kev siv tuag rau ntawm qhov tuag forging rauj lossis kub tuag forging xovxwm.
Lub nplhaib dov: yog hais txog kev tsim cov nplhaib sib txawv nrog cov kab sib txawv los ntawm cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb lub nplhaib dov tshuab, thiab tseem siv los tsim cov log zoo li lub tsheb hubs thiab tsheb ciav hlau log.
Tshwj xeeb forging: nrog rau yob forging, hla npoo dov, radial forging, kua tuag forging thiab lwm yam forging txoj kev, uas yog tsim nyog rau zus tau tej cov khoom nrog tshwj xeeb cov duab.
Cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis: forging billet cua sov → yob forging billet npaj → tuag forging forming → ntug trimming → punching → straightening → intermediate soj ntsuam → tshav kub ntawm forgings → tu → straightening → tshuaj xyuas
Technical nta:
1. Qhov zoo ntawm forgings yog siab dua li ntawm cov castings thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus lub zog loj. Lub plasticity, toughness thiab lwm yam khoom siv kho tshuab kuj siab dua li cov castings lossis txawm tias siab tshaj qhov dov.
2. Txuag cov ntaub ntawv raw thiab txo cov sijhawm ua haujlwm.
3. Kev ua haujlwm siab ntau lawm.
4. Dawb forging yog tsim rau ib thooj thiab me me batch ntau lawm, thiab muaj kev yooj yim.
daim ntawv thov:
Rolls thiab herringbone zog ntawm cov dov loj loj, rotors, impellers, thiab tuav lub nplhaib ntawm turbogenerators, lub tog raj kheej ua haujlwm thiab txhua kab ntawm cov hydraulic xovxwm loj, axles ntawm locomotives, crankshafts thiab txuas rods ntawm tsheb thiab tsheb laij teb, thiab lwm yam.
(2) dov
Txoj kev ua haujlwm siab nyob rau hauv uas cov hlau dawb hla dhau qhov sib txawv ntawm ib khub rotating rolls (ntau yam duab), thiab qhov hla ntawm cov khoom raug txo thiab qhov ntev yog nce vim yog compression forming thiab dov ntawm cov yob.
Rolling classification:
Raws li kev txav ntawm cov khoom dov, muaj: longitudinal dov, kab rov tav dov, thiab skew dov. Longitudinal dov yog txheej txheem uas cov hlau hla ntawm ob lub yob nrog cov lus qhia kev sib hloov thiab ua rau cov yas deformation ntawm lawv; cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev txav ntawm lub dov daim tom qab deformation yog raws li cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub axis ntawm yob; Roll axis tsis yog lub kaum tshwj xeeb.
daim ntawv thov:
Nws yog tsuas yog siv rau hauv cov hlau profiles, daim hlau, cov kav dej, thiab lwm yam, nrog rau qee cov khoom tsis yog xim hlau xws li cov khoom yas thiab cov khoom iav.
(3) extrusion
Nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm peb-txoj kev tsis sib xws compressive kev nyuaj siab, lub billet yog extruded los ntawm lub orifice los yog qhov sib txawv ntawm pwm kom txo tau qhov cross-sectional cheeb tsam thiab ua rau kom qhov ntev, thiab cov txheej txheem ua cov khoom xav tau hu ua extrusion. Qhov kev ua ntawm cov pob zeb no yog hu ua extrusion molding. .
Txheej txheem khiav:
Kev npaj ua ntej extrusion → casting pas nrig cua sov → extrusion → stretching, twisting thiab straightening → sawing (txiav kom ntev) → sampling soj ntsuam → khoom aging → ntim thiab cia
qhov zoo:
1. Ntau yam ntawm ntau lawm, khoom specifications thiab ntau yam;
2. Loj ntau lawm yooj, haum rau me me batch ntau lawm;
3. Cov khoom muaj qhov siab qhov tseeb thiab qhov chaw zoo;
4. Cov cuab yeej siv tsawg dua, qhov chaw ua haujlwm me me, yooj yim rau kev paub tsis siv neeg ntau lawm.
tsis txaus:
1. Loj poob ntawm geometric pov tseg;
2. Cov hlau tsis sib xws;
3. Tsawg extrusion ceev thiab lub sij hawm pab ntev;
4. Cov cuab yeej hnav yog qhov loj thiab tus nqi siab.
Scope ntawm daim ntawv thov ntau lawm: feem ntau yog siv los tsim cov pas nrig ntev, qhov sib sib zog nqus qhov, nyias-walled qhov chaw, thiab tshwj xeeb-zoo li tus ntoo khaub lig-section qhov chaw.
(4) rub
Ib txoj kev ua cov yas uas ib qho kev quab yuam sab nraud ua rau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov hlau kos kom rub cov hlau dawb paug tawm ntawm qhov tuag qhov me dua qhov seem ntawm qhov khoob kom tau txais cov khoom sib xws thiab qhov loj me.
qhov zoo:
1. Qhov loj me thiab du nto;
2. Cov cuab yeej thiab cov cuab yeej siv tau yooj yim;
3. Nruam kev kub ceev ntawm cov khoom siv ntev nrog cov ntu me me.
tsis txaus:
1. Tus nqi ntawm deformation ib kis thiab tag nrho cov deformation ntawm ob annealings yog txwv;
2. Ntev yog txwv.
