Bolts yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv lub neej niaj hnub thiab kev tsim khoom thiab kev tsim khoom. Bolts tseem hu ua meters ntawm kev lag luam, uas qhia tau hais tias bolts yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev siv. Nws daim ntawv thov teb suav nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv tshuab, cov khoom siv digital, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, nkoj, tsheb thiab cov dej txuag dej. Bolts txawm siv hauv kev sim tshuaj. Bolts muaj cov haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam. Tsuav yog muaj kev lag luam hauv ntiaj teb, kev ua haujlwm ntawm bolts yog ib qho tseem ceeb.
Kab lus no yuav qhia luv luv txog kev tsim khoom thiab kev siv tshuab ntawm bolts, vam tias yuav pab tau rau txhua tus.
Bolt processing process: xaiv cov khoom - spheroidizing (softening) annealing - shelling thiab descaling - txias kos duab - txias forging - xov ua - kev kho cua sov.
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Cov khoom siv dav siv rau kev ua bolt
Cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv yog siv raws li qib zog ntawm lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj: tam sim no muaj peb yam khoom tseem ceeb rau cov qauv hauv kev lag luam: carbon steel, stainless hlau thiab tooj liab.
(1) Cov pa roj carbon steel Peb paub qhov txawv ntawm cov pa roj carbon tsawg, nruab nrab carbon steel, siab carbon steel thiab alloy steel raws li cov ntsiab lus carbon hauv cov ntaub ntawv carbon steel.
Tsawg carbon steel C% Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.25% feem ntau hu ua A3 steel hauv Suav teb. Txawv teb chaws, lawv yog lub hauv paus hu ua 1008, 1015, 1018 thiab 1022, thiab lwm yam. Feem ntau yog siv rau qib 4.8 bolts, qib 4 ceev, me me screws thiab lwm yam khoom uas tsis muaj hardness yuav tsum tau. (Ceeb Toom: Drilling Tail yog tsim los ntawm 1022 khoom).
Nruab nrab carbon steel 0.25%
High carbon steel C%>0.45%. Tam sim no muaj yeej tsis siv nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam.
Alloy steel txhais tau tias ntxiv cov ntsiab lus alloying rau cov pa roj carbon zoo tib yam ntxiv rau qee qhov tshwj xeeb rau cov hlau: xws li 35, 40 chromium molybdenum, SCM435 thiab 10B38. Fangsheng screws tsuas yog siv SCM435 chromium-molybdenum alloy steel, uas nws cov khoom tseem ceeb yog C, Si, Mn, P, S, Cr thiab Mo.
(2) Stainless hlau
45, 50, 60, 70, 80, feem ntau austenite (18% Cr, 8% Ni), nrog rau kub tsis kam, zoo corrosion kuj thiab zoo weldability.
A1, A2, A4, martensite (13% Cr), tsis zoo corrosion kuj, siab zog thiab zoo hnav tsis kam.
C1, C2, C4, ferritic stainless hlau (18% Cr), muaj zog zoo zog thiab muaj zog corrosion kuj tshaj martensite.
(3) Copper Cov khoom siv feem ntau yog tooj dag thiab zinc-tooj liab alloy. H62, H65 thiab H68 tooj liab feem ntau yog siv los ua tus qauv hauv kev ua lag luam.
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Spheroidizing (softening) annealing
1) Thaum spheroidizing (softening) annealed countersunk taub hau screws thiab hexagon socket taub hau bolts yog tsim los siv cov txheej txheem txias, cov qauv qub ntawm cov hlau yuav ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau kev tsim muaj peev xwm thaum lub caij txias ua.
2) Cov yas deformation ntawm cov cheeb tsam hauv zos thaum lub caij txias tuaj yeem ncav cuag 60% ~ 80%. Vim li no, cov hlau yuav tsum muaj cov yas zoo. Thaum cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov hlau tsis tas li, cov qauv metallographic yog qhov tseem ceeb uas txiav txim siab cov yas. Nws feem ntau ntseeg tias tuab thiab flaky pearlite tsis yog qhov zoo rau kev sib sau txias, thaum zoo kheej kheej pearlite tuaj yeem txhim kho lub peev xwm ntawm cov yas deformation ntawm cov hlau.
3) Rau nruab nrab-carbon steel thiab nruab nrab-carbon alloy steel uas siv ntau lub zog siab fasteners, spheroidizing (softening) annealing yog ua ua ntej txias taub hau thiaj li yuav tau zoo ib yam thiab zoo spheroidized pearlite kom tau raws li qhov xav tau tiag tiag. ntau lawm. xav tau.
4) Rau softening annealing ntawm nruab nrab-carbon steel hlau rods, cov cua kub kub feem ntau yog khaws cia saum toj no thiab qis dua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau. Cov cua kub feem ntau tsis tuaj yeem siab dhau, txwv tsis pub tertiary cementite yuav precipitate raws cov ciam teb, ua rau cov kab mob khaub thuas.
5) Cov hlau pas nrig ntawm nruab nrab carbon alloy steel txais isothermal spheroidizing annealing. Tom qab cua sov ntawm AC 1+ (20% ~ 30%), lub qhov cub txias kom qis dua Ar1. Qhov kub yog li ntawm 700 degree rau lub sijhawm isothermal, thiab tom qab ntawd lub qhov cub txias txog li 500 degree. Cua txias tawm ntawm qhov cub. Cov qauv metallographic ntawm cov hlau hloov los ntawm ntxhib mus rau nplua, los ntawm flaky mus rau spherical, thiab qhov txias taub hau tawg yuav txo tau zoo heev. Qhov dav dav ntawm softening annealing kub rau 35\45\ML35\SWRCH35K steel yog 715 degree ~ 735 degree.
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Peeling thiab descaling
Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tshem cov hlau oxide phaj los ntawm lub taub hau txias steel hlau qws yog stripping; descaling yog muab faib ua ob txoj kev: mechanical descaling thiab chemical pickling.
1) Siv cov tshuab descaling los hloov cov txheej txheem tshuaj tua kab ntawm cov hlau rods tsis tsuas yog txhim kho cov khoom tsim tau tab sis kuj txo cov pa phem ib puag ncig. Cov txheej txheem descaling no suav nrog txoj kev khoov (ib puag ncig lub log nrog daim duab peb sab grooves feem ntau yog siv los rov khoov cov hlua hlau), txoj kev cuaj-txheej, thiab lwm yam. Cov nyhuv descaling yog qhov zoo, tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov hlau seem (qhov kev tshem tawm. tus nqi ntawm oxide nplai yog 97%, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum cov hlau oxide nplai yog nplaum heev. Yog li ntawd, mechanical descaling yog cuam tshuam los ntawm lub thickness, qauv thiab kev ntxhov siab lub xeev ntawm cov hlau ntawv, thiab yog haum rau carbon steel hlau rods siv rau cov uas tsis muaj zog fasteners (tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 6.8).
2) High-strength fasteners (Ntau dua los yog sib npaug rau qib 8.8) yog mechanically descaled siv hlau rods kom tshem tawm tag nrho cov oxide nplai, thiab ces mus rau ib tug tshuaj pickling txheej txheem kom ua tiav compound descaling. Rau cov hlau tsis muaj carbon steel hlau rods, cov nplooj ntawv hlau ntxiv los ntawm kev siv tshuab descaling tuaj yeem ua rau tsis sib xws ntawm cov ntawv sau qoob loo. Thaum cov ntawv hlau ua raws li cov ntawv sau qoob loo vim muaj kev sib txhuam ntawm cov hlau pas hlau hlau thiab sab nraud qhov kub thiab txias, ua rau cov kab ntev ntev ntawm cov hlua hlau hlau, vim li cas vim li cas micro tawg tshwm ntawm lub taub hau. hlau pas nrig steel hlau thaum txias taub hau flange bolts los yog lub tog raj kheej taub hau screws yog, Ntau tshaj 95% yog tshwm sim los ntawm khawb ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov hlau hlau thaum lub sij hawm kev kos duab. Yog li ntawd, cov txheej txheem descaling tshuab tsis haum rau kev kub ceev.
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Txias kos
1) Cov txheej txheem kos duab txias muaj ob lub hom phiaj. Ib qho yog hloov qhov loj ntawm cov khoom siv raw; Lwm qhov yog kom tau txais cov cuab yeej siv tshuab yooj yim ntawm lub fastener los ntawm deformation thiab ntxiv dag zog. Rau nruab nrab carbon steel thiab nruab nrab carbon alloy steel, muaj lwm lub hom phiaj, uas yog ua kom lub flake cementite tau tom qab kev tswj cua txias ntawm cov hlau qws tawg kom ntau li ntau tau thaum lub sij hawm daim duab txheej txheem, thiaj li yuav tau granular cementite rau tom qab spheroidization. (softening) annealing. Cementite yog npaj txhij. Txawm li cas los xij, txhawm rau txo cov nqi, qee cov tuam txhab lag luam arbitrarily txo tus naj npawb ntawm kev kos duab. Kev txo qis hauv cheeb tsam ntau ntxiv ua rau muaj kev nyiam ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlau rods steel hlau, uas cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev ua haujlwm txias ntawm cov hlau rods hlau.
2) Yog tias cheeb tsam txo tus nqi faib tawm ntawm txhua qhov kev hla tsis tsim nyog, cov kab nrib pleb torsional tseem yuav tshwm sim hauv cov hlau pas hlau hlau thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov txheej txheem. Xws li cov kab nrib pleb faib longitudinally raws cov hlau xaim nrog qee lub sij hawm raug nthuav tawm thaum lub caij txias ntawm cov hlau hlau. Tsis tas li ntawd, yog tias lubrication tsis zoo thaum lub sij hawm kev kos duab, nws kuj yuav ua rau cov kab nrib pleb tsis tu ncua nyob rau hauv cov khaub thuas rub hlau qws steel hlau.
3) Lub tangential kev taw qhia ntawm cov hlau pas nrig steel hlau raws li nws tawm ntawm granular hlau tuag thiab dov li yog tsis concentric nrog cov hlau drawing tuag, uas yuav ua rau kom muaj zog hnav ntawm ib sab qhov ntawm cov hlau drawing tuag, ua rau sab hauv. lub qhov los ua tawm ntawm puag ncig, ua rau qhov tsis sib xws ntawm kev kos duab deformation ntawm cov hlau hlau nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia circumferential. , ua rau lub roundness ntawm cov hlau hlau tsis kam rau siab, thiab qhov kev nyuaj siab ntawm cov hlau xaim thaum lub sij hawm txias lub taub hau txheej txheem yog tsis sib xws, uas cuam tshuam rau qhov txias taub hau pass tus nqi.
4) Thaum lub sij hawm cov txheej txheem ntawm cov hlau pas nrig hlau hlau, ib feem ntau ntawm cov cheeb tsam txo tus nqi deteriorates deteriorate zoo ntawm cov hlau hlau, thaum lub cheeb tsam tsawg heev txo tus nqi yog tsis conducive rau crushing ntawm flake cementite, ua rau nws nyuaj rau tau raws li ntau granular cementite li sai tau. Carbon lub cev, uas yog, cementite, muaj tus nqi qis spheroidization, uas yog qhov tsis zoo rau kev ua haujlwm txias ntawm cov hlau hlau. Rau bar thiab hlau pas nrig steel hlau tsim los ntawm kev kos duab, ib feem ntawm qhov txo tus nqi yog tswj ntawm 10% mus rau 15%.
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txias forging
Cold forging forming feem ntau yog siv cov yas hau txias ua rau lub taub hau ntsia liaj qhov rooj. Piv nrog rau kev txiav, cov hlau fibers (hlau xov hlau) yog nruam raws cov duab ntawm cov khoom yam tsis muaj kev txiav hauv nruab nrab, yog li txhim kho cov khoom muaj zog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov khoom siv kho tshuab. zoo heev. Cov txheej txheem txias lub taub hau muaj xws li txiav thiab tsim, ib qho chaw nres tsheb ib zaug-nias lub taub hau txias, ob-nias lub taub hau txias thiab ntau lub chaw nres tsheb tsis siv neeg txias.
1) Siv cov cuab yeej kaw ib nrab kaw kom txiav qhov khoob. Txoj kev yooj yim tshaj plaws yog siv lub tes tsho-hom txiav cuab yeej; lub kaum sab xis ntawm qhov txiav yuav tsum tsis txhob siab tshaj 3 degrees; thiab thaum siv cov cuab yeej qhib qhib, lub kaum sab xis ntawm qhov txiav tuaj yeem ncav cuag 5 degrees. ~ 7 degrees.
2) Qhov luv-loj dawb paug yuav tsum tuaj yeem tig 180 degrees thaum lub sijhawm hloov pauv ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb dhau los mus rau qhov chaw tsim khoom tom ntej. Qhov no tuaj yeem nthuav tawm lub peev xwm ntawm lub tshuab tsis siv neeg txias taub hau, txheej txheem fasteners nrog cov qauv nyuaj, thiab txhim kho qhov raug.
3) Txhua qhov chaw ua haujlwm molding yuav tsum tau nruab nrog lub tshuab xuas nrig ntaus, thiab cov pwm pwm yuav tsum tau nruab nrog lub tes tsho-hom ejection ntaus ntawv.
4) Tus naj npawb ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom (tsis suav cov chaw txiav) feem ntau yuav tsum ncav cuag 3 mus rau 4 chaw nres tsheb (ntau tshaj 5 qhov tshwj xeeb).
5) Thaum lub sij hawm zoo ntawm kev siv, cov qauv ntawm lub ntsiab swb tsheb ciav hlau thiab cov txheej txheem cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem ua kom ntseeg tau qhov tseeb ntawm qhov punch thiab tuag.
6) Lub davhlau ya nyob twg txwv hloov yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawm lub baffle uas tswj cov khoom xaiv, thiab yuav tsum tau them nyiaj mloog mus rau kev tswj ntawm lub zog siab. Qhov tawm ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm cov xov hlau txias uas siv los tsim cov khoom siv muaj zog ntawm cov tshuab txias tsis siv neeg lub taub hau yuav tsum nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla ntawm qhov ntev ntev, thaum rau cov fasteners meej dua, qhov tawm ntawm cov hlau xaim yuav tsum yog. txwv rau 1/2 txoj kab uas hla kam rau ua ntau yam. Yog hais tias txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov hlau hlau tsis ncav cuag qhov loj me, cov kab nrib pleb los yog burrs yuav tshwm nyob rau hauv qhov kev ntxhov siab lossis lub taub hau ntawm qhov. Yog tias txoj kab uas hla me dua qhov loj me uas yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cov txheej txheem, lub taub hau yuav ua tsis tiav, angular lossis thickened. Tsis meej.
7) Qhov tseeb tias lub taub hau txias molding tuaj yeem ua tiav kuj muaj feem xyuam nrog kev xaiv ntawm txoj kev molding thiab cov txheej txheem siv. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tseem nyob ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov cuab yeej siv, cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov txheej txheem thiab nws cov xwm txheej, cov cuab yeej thiab kev tuag raug, lub neej thiab hnav degree. Rau siab alloy steel siv nyob rau hauv txias taub hau thiab extrusion, ua hauj lwm nto roughness ntawm cemented carbide pwm yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj Ra=0.2μm. Hom pwm no muaj lub neej ntev tshaj plaws thaum ua haujlwm nto roughness mus txog Ra=0.025 ~ 0.050μm.
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Xov xwm txheej txheem
1) Bolt threads feem ntau txias ua tiav, kom cov xov dawb paug nyob rau hauv ib txoj kab uas hla dhau los ntawm dov (dov) hlau phaj (tuag), thiab cov xov yog tsim los ntawm lub siab ntawm cov hlau phaj (dov tuag). Cov yas streamlines ntawm threaded ib feem tsis raug txiav tawm, lub zog yog nce, cov khoom yog high-precision thiab zoo yog uniform, yog li nws yog dav siv.
2) Txhawm rau tsim cov xov sab nraud ntawm cov khoom kawg, qhov xav tau xov dawb paug txoj kab uas hla yog txawv, vim nws txwv los ntawm cov khoom xws li xov raug thiab seb cov khoom puas yog coated los yog tsis.
3) Xov dov (rubbing) yog hais txog kev ua cov txheej txheem uas siv cov yas deformation los ua cov xov hniav. Nws siv lub dov (xov phaj) tuag nrog tib lub suab thiab cov hniav zoo li cov xov uas tau ua tiav, thaum extruding lub cylindrical ntsia hlau dawb paug, thaum tig cov ntsia hlau dawb paug, thiab thaum kawg hloov cov hniav zoo nkauj ntawm lub dov tuag rau ntawm cov ntsia hlau dawb paug. , xov yog tsim.
4) Lub ntsiab lus ntawm dov (rubbing) xov ua haujlwm yog tias tus naj npawb ntawm cov kiv puag ncig tsis tas yuav tsum muaj ntau dhau. Yog tias nws ntau dhau, qhov ua tau zoo yuav qis, thiab cov xov nto yuav yooj yim tsim kev sib cais lossis random buckling. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, yog tias tus naj npawb ntawm cov kiv puag ncig me me dhau lawm, cov xov txoj kab uas hla yuav yooj yim dhau los ntawm ib puag ncig, thiab lub siab yuav nce txawv txav nyob rau theem pib ntawm dov, ua rau lub neej luv luv.
5) Feem ntau qhov tsis xws luag ntawm dov threads: nto tawg los yog khawb ntawm cov xov ib feem, random buckling, thiab tawm-ntawm-roundness ntawm xov ib feem. Yog tias cov teeb meem no tshwm sim hauv qhov ntau, lawv yuav raug tshawb pom thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Yog tias tus naj npawb ntawm qhov tshwm sim me me, cov teeb meem no yuav dhau mus rau cov neeg siv yam tsis tau pom los ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, ua rau muaj teeb meem. Yog li ntawd, cov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau sau tseg thiab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb no yuav tsum tau tswj xyuas thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom.
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Kev kho cua sov
1) Thaum tshav kub kub kho high-strength fasteners yuav tsum tempered raws li kev cai.
2) Kev kho cua sov thiab tempering yog txhawm rau txhim kho cov khoom siv kho kom zoo ntawm cov fasteners kom tau raws li tus nqi tensile lub zog thiab cov txiaj ntsig piv tau teev tseg los ntawm cov khoom.
3) Cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov muaj qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb rau cov khoom siv muaj zog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lawv qhov zoo. Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo tshaj plaws, cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob siab thiab cov cuab yeej siv yog tsim nyog.
4) Vim tias qhov ntim ntau lawm thiab tus nqi qis ntawm cov bolts muaj zog, thiab qhov threaded yog ib qho zoo thiab cov qauv, cov khoom siv kho cua sov yuav tsum muaj peev xwm ntau lawm, qib siab ntawm automation thiab kev kho cua sov zoo.
5) Decarburization ntawm threads yuav ua rau cov fasteners mus txawv tebchaws ua ntej lawv ua tau raws li cov neeg kho tshuab kev xav tau, ua rau cov threaded fasteners poob thiab shorten lawv lub neej kev pab cuam. Vim yog decarburization ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv, yog hais tias lub annealing yog tsis tsim nyog, lub decarburization txheej ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv yuav tob. Thaum lub sij hawm quenching thiab tempering cua sov txheej txheem, ib co oxidizing gas feem ntau yog coj los ntawm sab nraum lub cub tawg.
6) Cov xeb ntawm lub bar steel hlau los yog cov seem nyob rau saum npoo ntawm qhov txias-draw hlau qws steel hlau kuj yuav decompose tom qab tau rhuab nyob rau hauv lub cub tawg, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsim ib co oxidizing roj. Piv txwv li, qhov xeb ntawm hlau hlau yog tsim los ntawm hlau carbonate thiab hydroxide, uas yuav decompose rau hauv CO2 thiab H2O tom qab cua sov, yog li aggravating decarburization. Kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias qhov degree ntawm decarburization ntawm nruab nrab-carbon alloy steel yog hnyav dua li cov pa roj carbon steel, thiab ceev tshaj decarburization kub yog 700 degree ~ 800 degree.
7) Txij li thaum cov ntaub ntawv txuas rau ntawm cov hlau hlau decompose thiab synthesize CO2 thiab H2O sai heev nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob, yog hais tias cov roj tswj ntawm lub nruam mesh siv rauv yog tsis tsim nyog, nws kuj yuav ua rau cov ntsia hlau decarburization kom dhau tolerances.
8) Thaum lub zog muaj zog fasteners yog tsim los ntawm lub taub hau txias, cov khoom siv raw thiab cov txheej txheem decarburized tsis tsuas yog tseem muaj nyob, tab sis kuj yog extruded rau saum cov xov. Rau qhov chaw ntawm lub fastener uas yuav tsum tau quenched, qhov yuav tsum tau hardness yuav tsis tau. , nws cov khoom siv kho tshuab (tshwj xeeb yog lub zog thiab hnav tsis kam) raug txo. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov saum npoo ntawm cov hlau hlau yog decarburized, thiab cov txheej txheem saum npoo thiab cov qauv sab hauv muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv, uas tuaj yeem ua rau tawg tawg thaum lub sij hawm quenching.
9) Cov teeb meem tseem ceeb uas yuav tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm quenching thiab tempering quenching txheej txheem ntawm fasteners muaj xws li: tsis txaus hardness nyob rau hauv lub xeev quenched, uneven hardness nyob rau hauv lub xeev quenched, ntau quenching deformation thiab quenching cracking.
10) Cov teeb meem zoo li no tshwm sim ntawm qhov chaw feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom siv raw, quenching cua sov thiab quenching txias. Kev tsim kho cov txheej txheem kho cua sov kom raug thiab ua qauv txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm ntau tuaj yeem zam qhov xwm txheej zoo li no.
