Txhua tus neeg hauv kev tsim khoom lag luam tau zoo li toss ib ncig ntawm lo lus "machining." Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias nug kom piav qhia meej rau tus neeg ua haujlwm raws nraim li cas cov txheej txheem machining entails, ntau tus yuav pom lawv tus kheej poob rau cov lus.
Yog li, dab tsi yog machining?
I. Machining: Cias muab, Nws yog hais txog "Subtraction"
Machining yog dab tsi? Koj nqa ib daim ntawm cov khoom siv raw thiab siv cov cuab yeej xws li tshuab dhos thiab tshuab milling-nrog rau cov cuab yeej txiav- kom tshem tawm cov seem uas tsis xav tau, thaum kawg tsim ib feem uas ua tau raws li cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb ntawm kev kos duab engineering.
Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nws boils mus rau plaub lo lus: subtractive manufacturing.
Dab tsi yog cov tshuab machining thiab lawv cov yam ntxwv? - Sujia
Nws cov counterpart yog "additive manufacturing"-los yog 3D printing- qhov twg cov khoom yog tsim los ntawm txheej. Machining ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv txoj kev tsis sib xws: nws "tshem tawm" cov khoom siv ntau dhau los ntawm cov khoom thaiv, txiav los ntawm kev txiav.
II. Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb: Yooj yim piav qhia
Thaum muaj ntau cov txheej txheem machining, tsuas yog ob peb feem ntau siv.
Tig-Lub workpiece tig, lub cuab yeej tseem nyob
Lub tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm kev tig tuaj yeem suav tau hauv ib kab lus: lub workpiece tig thaum lub cuab yeej txiav tseem nyob ruaj khov.
Dab tsi yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm txoj kev tig? - Alibaba Kev Lag Luam Zej Zog
Xav txog qhov clamping ib puag ncig hlau bar rau hauv lub tshuab dhos spindle; raws li lub spindle spindle, lub bar tig nrog nws. Tom qab ntawd, ib lub cuab yeej tig yog coj tawm tsam lub bar kom txiav cov cylindrical sab nraud. Uas tig.
Tig yog tshwj xeeb rau "kev ua haujlwm ib puag ncig"-shafts, discs, tes tsho, flanges, thiab threads. Yeej, ib feem nrog rotational symmetry yog tsim los ntawm lub tshuab dhos. Nws tuaj yeem ua tiav qib siab ntawm IT6-IT7 thiab nto roughness (Ra) qhov tseem ceeb ntawm 0.8-1.6 μm.
Nco ntsoov qhov no: Tig=Tshuab dhos + Rotational Parts.
Milling-Lub cuab yeej tig, lub workpiece tseem nyob
Milling yog qhov sib txawv kiag li: lub milling cutter tig ntawm kev kub ceev, thaum lub workpiece tseem tsau ntawm lub tshuab rooj.
Raws li lub cutter spinning, lub rooj txav lub workpiece rov qab, tawm, sab laug, thiab sab xis rau zeb tawm tiaj tus, grooves, thiab complex nkhaus nto.
Milling handles "square work"-cov vaj tse, pwm, thiab cov khoom siv. Ib feem ntawm prismatic los yog complex contour yuav tsum muaj lub tshuab milling. Precision: IT8-IT7; nto roughness (Ra): 1.6-0.8 μm.
Cov khoom tseem ceeb: Milling=rotating milling cutter + prismatic workpiece.
Sib tsoo- txheej txheem qhov kawg
Thaum tig thiab milling yog suav tias yog " ntxhib" machining kev ua haujlwm, kev sib tsoo yog qhov tseeb "precision" ua haujlwm.
Kev sib tsoo siv lub log sib tsoo es tsis yog cov cuab yeej txiav txheej txheem. Lub log tig ntawm kev kub ceev, tshem tawm cov feeb ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm. Nrog rau txhua qhov kev tshem tawm cov khoom me me, nws ua tiav qib siab ntawm IT5-IT6 thiab nto roughness (Ra) ntawm 0.1-0.4 μm.
Kev sib tsoo yog mob siab rau siab -cov haujlwm ua tau zoo- xws li cov kabmob sib tw, ntsuas cov cuab yeej, cov pwm precision, thiab cov khoom siv hlau tawv. Txhua qhov mating nto nrog cov kev cai nruj feem ntau xav tau lub tshuab sib tsoo.
Cov khoom tseem ceeb: Sib tsoo=sib tsoo log + siab precision.
Drilling - qhov tseem ceeb qhov - ua txheej txheem
Drilling yog txoj kev yooj yim tshaj plaws: lub laum me ntsis tig thiab nkag mus rau cov khoom los tsim lub qhov.
Nws yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws rau lub qhov machining. Thaum qhov tseeb yog nruab nrab (IT11–IT13), nws qhov zoo nyob hauv kev yooj yim, ceev, thiab ntau yam - nws tuaj yeem ua tau yuav luag txhua qhov chaw.
Boring-"fine-tuning" lub qhov
Kev tho txawv suav nrog kev nthuav dav thiab ua tiav lub qhov uas twb muaj lawm.
Puas yog qhov tseeb ntawm qhov drilled tsis txaus? Siv cov cuab yeej tho txawv los tshuab lub qhov txuas ntxiv, txhim kho qhov tseeb rau IT7-IT9. Nws yog tshwj xeeb rau qhov loj thiab precision qhov arrays - xws li lub tog raj kheej bores, hydraulic lub tog raj kheej chim, thiab reducer vaj tse.
Broaching-siab-efficiency, ib zaug-pass txheej txheem
Broaching siv ib tug ntau- hniav broach rub tawm linearly hla lub workpiece, machining ib tug complex cross-section nyob rau hauv ib zaug xwb stroke.
Kev ua tau zoo yog qhov siab heev, txawm tias cov cuab yeej siv kuj tseem ceeb, ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau kev tsim khoom loj. Spline qhov, keyways, thiab square qhov yog tag nrho cov hauj lwm uas broaching excels.
III. Dab tsi yog CNC? Tsis txhob tsis meej pem.
Muaj coob tus neeg yuam kev ntseeg tias CNC yog synonymous nrog milling; qhov no yog ib tug loj misconception.
CNC stands rau Computer Numerical Control. Nws tsis yog ib qho kev tsim khoom tshwj xeeb ntawm nws tus kheej, tab sis yog txoj kev tswj hwm.
Kev Pom Zoo|Txhua leej txhua tus tham txog CNC-koj puas paub tias nws yog dab tsi? - Zhihu
Cov cuab yeej siv tshuab pa cia siab rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm tes (tes cranks), thaum CNC tshuab cia siab rau kev tswj hwm. Thaum G-code nkag mus, lub tshuab cia li txav lub cuab yeej, hloov cov cuab yeej, thiab ua tiav cov txheej txheem machining.
Cov tshuab dhos, tshuab milling, thiab cov tshuab sib tsoo tuaj yeem yog CNC - tswj. CNC ua raws li "lub hlwb," thaum cov txheej txheem machining ua raws li "tes thiab taw" -lawv yog ob yam sib txawv.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo ntawm CNC tshaj cov pa machining? High precision, zoo heev sib xws, thiab muaj peev xwm los tshuab complex nkhaus nto. Thaum cov pa machining feem ntau ua tiav IT9-IT12 precision, CNC tuaj yeem ncav cuag IT6-IT8. Cov downsides yog cov khoom kim heev thiab lub sij hawm -siv programming.
IV. 5-Axis Machining-Yog vim li cas nws raug nqi ntau dua.
Lub 3-axis machining chaw yog txwv rau txoj kab khiav raws X, Y, thiab Z axes. Yuav ua li cas yog 5-axis? Nws ntxiv ob lub rotary axes.
Ob qho ntxiv rotary axes txhais li cas?
5-Axis CNC Machining - Shenzhen Weike Rapid Prototyping
Nws txhais tau hais tias lub cuab yeej txiav tuaj yeem txav mus rau qhov chaw ua haujlwm los ntawm txhua lub kaum sab xis. Machining complex qhov chaw ntawm 3-axis tshuab yuav tsum muaj ntau yam teeb tsa (clamping/re-positioning), thiab txhua qhov teeb tsa qhia txog qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm qhov yuam kev. Lub tshuab 5-axis tuaj yeem ua tiav tag nrho cov txheej txheem hauv ib qho kev teeb tsa.
Thaum twg yog 5-axis machining tseem ceeb?
Impellers thiab cov hniav- cov kab nkhaus nyuaj uas 3-axis tshuab tsuas tuaj yeem ua tsis tau. Aerospace structural Cheebtsam -nyias-walled qhov chaw nrog complex curves yuav tsum tau ± 0.01mm precision. Precision pwm-nrog rau 3D nto thiab lub kaum sab xis. Cov cuab yeej siv kho mob-cov pob qij txha pob txha thiab orthopedic implants.
Cov no yog cov haujlwm uas 3-axis tshuab tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm, thiab 4-axis tshuab tawm tsam; 5-axis machining yuav tsum tau.
Puas yog 5-axis machining ib txwm kim dua? Tsis tas li. Rau ib qho nyuaj, lub tshuab 3-axis yuav xav tau tsib qhov kev teeb tsa, tsib lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, thiab tsib txoj haujlwm sib cais, thaum lub tshuab 5-axis ua tiav txhua yam hauv ib qho kev teeb tsa. Thaum koj saib tag nrho cov nqi, 5-axis machining yuav ua tau zoo dua.
V. Koj xaiv txoj kev zoo li cas? Tsom ntsoov rau peb yam no:
Ua ntej, xav txog cov duab: puag ncig qhov chaw mus rau lub tshuab dhos, square qhov chaw mus rau lub tshuab milling, thiab siab -qhov precision mus rau lub grinder.
Thib ob, xav txog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom raug: tus qauv precision hu rau kev xa lossis milling; high precision yuav tsum tau sib tsoo; thiab ultra-siab precision xav tau super- cov txheej txheem tiav.
Thib peb, xav txog qhov ntim ntau lawm: siv dav dav - cov cuab yeej siv rau ib qho -unit lossis me-batch ntau lawm, thaum txiav txim siab rau cov tshuab siab siab lossis siab - cov txheej txheem ua tau zoo xws li broaching rau ntau lawm.
Tsis muaj ib qho "zoo tshaj" txheej txheem -tsuas yog qhov tsim nyog tshaj plaws.
Qhov kawg xav:
Hauv kev tsim khoom, kev thaiv kev nkag mus yuav tshwm sim tsawg, tab sis qhov tseeb muaj ntau cov ntsiab lus sib txawv. Los ntawm daim phiaj xwm mus rau qhov ua tiav, txhua qhov kev xaiv- txheej txheem, cov cuab yeej siv, qhov nrawm nrawm thiab pub tus nqi, cov cuab yeej txiav, thiab cov khoom ua kom txias - cuam tshuam qhov kawg qhov zoo.
Tsuas yog cov neeg uas nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem tiag tiag tuaj yeem nkag siab txog kev tsim khoom.
