Stainless hlau yog ubiquitous industries xws li machining, khoom tsim, khoom noj khoom haus, tshuaj, thiab tshiab zog. Txawm hais tias muaj ntau tus engineers paub txog qib 304 thiab 316, lawv feem ntau ntsib teeb meem thaum xaiv los ntawm ntau qib uas muaj. Stainless hlau tsis yog "xeb- pov thawj"; nws cia siab rau chromium los ua ib zaj duab xis passivating rau corrosion tsis kam, thaum alloying ntsiab xws li npib tsib xee, molybdenum, titanium, thiab manganese txiav txim siab cov khoom xws li corrosion kuj, siab -kub kev ua tau zoo, machinability, thiab lub zog.
Kab lus no suav nrog 18 qib feem ntau siv stainless hlau hauv cov chaw tsim khoom lag luam- faib rau hauv austenitic, ferritic, martensitic, duplex, thiab nag lossis daus -cov hlau hnyav- thiab qhia txog lawv cov yam ntxwv, kev txwv, thiab cov ntawv thov raug siv los ua tus siv rau kev xaiv cov khoom siv.
I. Austenitic Stainless Steels (201, 301, 303, 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 321, 309S, 310S, 904L) Austenitic qib account rau ntau tshaj 70% ntawm lub khw. Lawv yog cov hlau nplaum tsis muaj zog lossis tsis muaj- sib nqus ntawm chav tsev kub, muaj kev sib txuas zoo heev thiab kev tsim kho, tsis tuaj yeem ua kom tawv tawv los ntawm kev quenching, thiab cia siab rau kev ua haujlwm txias kom muaj zog ntxiv . 1. 201: Qib kev lag luam nrog cov manganese siab thiab cov ntsiab lus tsis tshua muaj nickel; tus nqi qis. Corrosion kuj yog qhov tsis muaj zog; nws yooj yim rau xeb hauv cov av ntub lossis ntsev-txoj ib puag ncig. Feem ntau siv rau sab hauv tsev zoo nkauj tubing, kho vajtse, thiab cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj; tsis haum rau qhov chaw sab nraum zoov lossis ntug hiav txwv dej. 2. 301: Qhia txog kev ua haujlwm zoo heev-cov teebmeem hnyav; lub zog thiab hardness nce ntau tom qab txias dov. Siv rau cov springs, rail transit Cheebtsam, thiab elastic qhov chaw. 3. 303: Ib tug dawb-machining qib nrog ntxiv sulfur los txhim kho machinability. Corrosion kuj yog me ntsis qis rau 304; haum rau siab - ntim tig ua haujlwm los tsim bolts, bushings, thiab valve Cheebtsam. 4. 304: Cov qauv kev lag luam; nta ib qho 18-8 chromium-nickel piv thiab sib npaug tag nrho cov khoom; yooj yim khoov thiab weld. Haum rau cov khoom siv hauv chav ua noj, cov khoom siv ua zaub mov, cov kav dej dav dav, thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Kev txwv: Tsis tiv taus dej hiav txwv lossis siab -chloride ib puag ncig. 5. 304L: Ib qho ntxiv- cov pa roj carbon tsawg nrog cov ntsiab lus carbon tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.03%. Muaj zog tiv thaiv intergranular corrosion tom qab vuam; txoj kev xaiv rau welded tuab- phaj Cheebtsam; lub zog yog me ntsis qis dua 304. Haum rau cov khoom siv petrochemical, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab cov khoom siv welded. 6. 316: Muaj molybdenum; muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau pitting thiab chloride-ion corrosion piv rau 304. Haum rau cov khoom siv ntug dej hiav txwv, kev siv dej hiav txwv, thiab cov cuab yeej tuav cov txheej txheem chemical media. 7. 316L: Tsawg-carbon version ntawm 316; tam sim no yog qib siv dav tshaj plaws hauv kev siv marine thiab tshuaj lom neeg. Tsis xav tau tom qab-weld solution kho; muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo heev rau intergranular corrosion; haum rau cov khoom siv hauv hiav txwv, cov khoom siv tshuaj, thiab cov kav dej hiav txwv . 8. 321: Muaj titanium los tiv thaiv cov nag lossis daus. Tsim nyog rau welded Cheebtsam ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kub thiab txias (430℃-900 degree) qhov twg tom qab-weld kev kho cua sov tsis ua tau; daim ntawv thov muaj xws li cov kav dej thiab boiler cua sov- pauv cov khoom. Cov ntsiab lus titanium ua rau nws tsis haum rau zaub mov-kev tiv tauj daim ntawv thov. 9. 309S: Nruab nrab-kub kub-cov hlau tsis muaj chromium thiab cov ntsiab lus nickel; muaj zog oxidation tsis kam. Siv rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv ob sab phlu thiab siab-kub kub- kho cov cuab yeej. 10. 310S: Siab-kub austenitic steel; Qhov siab tshaj plaws kev pabcuam kub ncav cuag 1100 degree. Haum rau cov chav ua cua sov, siab -kub qhov cub Cheebtsam, thiab cov raj radiant; tus nqi siab heev. 11. 904L (Super Austenitic): Cov ntsiab lus siab nickel thiab molybdenum; resistant rau corrosive media xws li concentrated sulfuric acid thiab phosphoric acid. Haum rau cov khoom siv tshuaj corrosive heev thiab siab -kawg ntsuas cov khoom; tus nqi siab. II. Ferritic Stainless Steels (409L, 430): Sib nqus, npib tsib xee -dawb, thiab qis- nqi; tsis tuaj yeem hardened los ntawm quenching; muaj cov thermal conductivity zoo dua thiab kev ntxhov siab- corrosion cracking tsis kam tshaj cov qib austenitic, tab sis muaj qhov tsis zoo weld toughness. 12. 409L: Hlau tshwj xeeb rau cov tshuab hluav taws xob tsheb; muaj siab -kub oxidation kuj thiab zoo heev tus nqi-kev ua tau zoo; siv rau cov kav dej thiab cov mufflers. 13. 430: Qib ferritic feem ntau; feem ntau hu ua "stainless hlau." Haum rau cov khoom siv sab hauv tsev casings thiab cov vaj huam sib luag zoo nkauj. Yooj yim rau pitting thiab xeb hauv chloride- thaj chaw nplua nuj; tsis haum rau thaj chaw ntug dej hiav txwv. III. Martensitic Stainless Steels (410, 420, 440C): Muaj zog sib nqus; hardness thiab hnav tsis kam tuaj yeem txhim kho los ntawm quenching thiab tempering; corrosion kuj tsis zoo rau cov qib austenitic; Feem ntau xaiv rau hardness thiab hnav tsis kam. 14. 410: qib martensitic qib; zoo zog, nruab nrab corrosion kuj; haum rau valve Cheebtsam, twj tso kua mis shafts, thiab fasteners. 15. 420: Cutlery-qib steel; ua tiav siab hardness tom qab quenching; haum rau riam, txiab, thiab cov cuab yeej txiav kho mob. 16. 440C: Siab- qib carbon martensitic; ib qho ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj zog tshaj plaws; Tshwj xeeb hnav tsis kam, txawm tias corrosion kuj yog txwv; haum rau siab-kawg bearings, cov cuab yeej txiav, thiab valve seals. IV. Duplex Stainless Steels (2205, 2507): Ua los ntawm cov khoom sib npaug austenite thiab ferrite; yield zog yog kwv yees li ob npaug ntawm cov qib austenitic; ua pov thawj zoo heev rau chloride{100}}induced stress corrosion cracking; tus nqi siab dua. 17. 2205: General{102}}lub hom phiaj duplex steel; haum rau seawater, desulfurization, papermaking, thiab tshuaj lom neeg kev lag luam kub exchangers; ua hauj lwm los hloov 316L hauv hnyav, chloride{104}}ib puag ncig nplua nuj{103}} (Super Duplex Steel): Cov ntsiab lus molybdenum siab dua; superior pitting corrosion kuj; haum rau siab - ib puag ncig salinity, offshore oil thiab gas applications, thiab seawater desalination khoom. V. Ntxiv nag los nag{112}}Hardening Stainless Steel (17-4PH/630): Txawm hais tias tsis suav nrog hauv cov npe dhau los ntawm 18 hom, 17-4PH feem ntau siv hauv engineering; nws ua tiav ultra{126}}lub zog siab dhau los ntawm kev kho mob laus thiab yog siv rau hauv cov ntawv thov hauv aerospace, siab{131}}kawg li qub, thiab cov khoom siv muaj zog siab. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem xaiv: 1. Cov qauv hauv tsev: Ua ntej 304; xaiv 201 rau kev siv kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv tsev nrog kev txwv nyiaj txiag. 2. Vuam ntawm cov phaj tuab: Ua ntej 304L lossis 316L txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib tsoo{122}} Cov ntug hiav txwv dej, cov tshuaj chloride raug, lossis dej hiav txwv: Txhim kho nce qib los ntawm 316L mus rau 2205{315-2200, tom qab ntawd qhov kub thiab txias: rau nruab nrab kub; 309S / 310S rau qhov kub thiab txias{130}} Kev ua haujlwm loj (tig): Xaiv 303. 6. Cov ntawv thov uas yuav tsum tau ua kom tawv thiab hnav tsis kam (xws li, cov cuab yeej txiav): Martensitic qib 420 lossis 440C. 7. Cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj zog heev: 904L stainless hlau. Ntau qhov kev ua tsis tiav yog tsis yog los ntawm cov hlau tsis zoo, tab sis los ntawm kev xaiv ntawm qib tsis raug. Tsis muaj "universal" stainless hlau qib; Kev ntsuam xyuas dav dav txog qhov nruab nrab, qhov kub thiab txias, qib chloride, cov txheej txheem vuam, thiab cov nqi yog qhov tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem xws li xeb lossis tawg.
