Koj puas tau xav txog cov khoom siv uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov kaus tsis ntub dej, ua kom cov neeg hlau me me los ua haujlwm hauv cov hlab ntsha, thiab ua cov ceramics kom tsis txhob tawg zoo li hlau? Qhov no tsis yog science ntawv tseeb; nws yog ib tug tiag tiag kiv puag ncig coj los ntawm nanomaterials.
Dab tsi yog nanometer? Nws yog qhov tseeb ntawm qhov ntev; ib nanometer tsuas yog ib billionth ntawm ib 'meter'. Txoj kab uas hla ntawm tib neeg cov plaub hau yog kwv yees li 50,000 txog 100,000 nanometers. Nanomaterials yog cov ntaub ntawv uas nws loj nyob rau hauv tsawg kawg yog ib qhov ntev ntawm 1 thiab 100 nanometers.
I. Vim li cas "me" "muaj zog"?
Thaum cov ntaub ntawv yog shrunk mus rau nanoscale, lawv tsis ua raws li cov kev cai ntawm physics paub tab sis muaj ntau amazing zog.
Ua ntej, qhov kho qhov muag, hluav taws xob, sib nqus, thiab thermal zog ntawm nanomaterials hloov pauv loj heev. Piv txwv li, cov xim thiab emission xim ntawm semiconductor cadmium sulfide hloov los ntawm daj mus rau xiav raws li qhov loj me me. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias peb tsis tas yuav hloov cov khoom muaj pes tsawg leeg; tsuas yog hloov nws qhov loj tuaj yeem tsim cov ntaub ntawv tshiab nrog cov khoom sib txawv kiag li. Cov hom teeb meem yog qhov kawg, tab sis los ntawm nanotechnology, peb zoo li tau txais suav tsis txheeb "cov khoom tshiab."
Qhov thib ob, nanoparticles muaj thaj tsam loj heev. Ib gram ntawm nanomaterials tuaj yeem muaj thaj tsam ntawm qhov loj ntawm qhov chaw ncaws pob. Qhov no ua rau lawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo adsorbents thiab catalysts, nrog rau kev siv tseem ceeb hauv kev khaws cia, tshuaj lom neeg, thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig.
Rau kev tsim khoom, nanomaterials txhais tau tias "sib dua, siab dua, thiab muaj zog dua."
Lighter: Cov cuab yeej ua nrog nanomaterials tuaj yeem ua qhov loj me me thaum tswj lossis txawm tias txhim kho kev ua haujlwm. Xav txog tias cov khoos phis tawj thaum ntxov tau sau tag nrho cov chav, thaum niaj hnub no cov xov tooj ntawm tes nyob deb dhau lawv cov kev suav yav dhau los - qhov no yog qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv me me.
Siab dua: Nanomaterials feem ntau muaj superior optical, hluav taws xob, thiab magnetic zog.
Muaj zog: Nanoceramics tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov kev xav ntawm cov ceramics raws li qhov tsis yooj yim, nthuav tawm cov tawv tawv kom ncav cuag cov hlau.
[AI- tsim cov duab sib piv: sab laug qhia cov khoom siv macroscopic, sab xis qhia cov qauv nanomaterial]
II. Nanomaterials: Twb tau nyob hauv Peb Lub Neej Txhua Hnub
Nanotechnology suab sophisticated, tab sis qee qhov ntawm nws cov ntawv thov tau nkag mus rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub.
1. Nano-Raincoats: Dej-Repelling Zoo li Lotus Leaves
Koj puas tau khib cov tee dej dov tawm nplooj nplooj? Nano-coats siv cov ntsiab lus zoo sib xws. Los ntawm txheej txheej ntawm daim ntaub nrog ib txheej ntawm nanoscale silica hais, lub kaum sab xis ntawm cov ntaub thiab dej los yog roj yog nce, tiv thaiv cov dej los ntawm kev nkag mus thiab yuam kom lawv yob tawm.
Tam sim no, muaj ob lub thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb: ib qho yog ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg tab sis kim tshuab nqus tsev txheej tshuab; lwm qhov yog tus nqi qis dua - tab sis muaj peev xwm dej - pa phem immersion txheej tshuab. Kev sib npaug ntawm kev ua tau zoo, tus nqi, thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig tseem yog qhov nyuaj rau kev tsim khoom lag luam.
[Image download link: Siab- daws teeb meem duab ntawm cov tee dej ntawm ntaub - Daim ntawv tso cai duab 600336933 - Photostock.cn]
2. Nanorobots: Kaj ntug ntawm Tshuaj Kho Mob Yav Tom Ntej
Thaum lub sij hawm nanoscale tiag tiag, programmable molecular robots tseem nyob hauv chav kuaj, cov cuab yeej siv rau kev siv nanoscale tau tsim sai heev. Piv txwv li, scanning tunneling microscopes (STM) thiab atomic force microscopes (AFM) muaj kev sojntsuam nrog cov lus qhia txog qhov ntsuas atomic, muaj peev xwm txav tau ib tus neeg atoms.
Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, nanorobots xav tias yuav muaj peev xwm tsom mus rau kev xa tshuaj, tshem tawm cov kab mob, thiab txawm kho cov hlwb hauv vivo, hloov pauv kev kho mob thiab kev noj qab haus huv. Lawv txoj kev loj hlob yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib koom tes ntawm kev sib koom tes ntawm chemistry, physics, biology, tshuaj, thiab cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb.
Cov kws tshawb fawb Asmeskas tsoo ib puas xyoo- Cov teeb meem qub: Nanorobots tuaj yeem tswj tau nyob deb ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag -- Phoenix.com Lub tswv yim duab ntawm Nanorobots Ua haujlwm hauv cov hlab ntsha
3. Nanosponges: Khawv koob ntawm kev ntxuav
Tej zaum koj yuav tau siv dawb "dawb daim txhuam cev" uas tshem cov stains yam tsis muaj xab npum, tsuas yog ntub nws. Qhov no yog melamine ua npuas ncauj, tseem hu ua nanosponges. Nws peb -siv mesh qauv muaj qhov porosity siab heev, tsim muaj zog adsorption rog thaum sib txhuam, tshem tawm cov av zoo li ultra- ntawv xuab zeb zoo.
Cov khoom siv no ruaj khov, nplaim taws-retardant, acid thiab alkali resistant, thiab txawm tias cov zaub mov- qib, ua rau nws yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev ua lag luam zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nanoporous.
Lub Teeb Lub Zog: Sino-British Nano Energy Materials Research Center - Microscopic Universe ntawm "Super Sponges"
III. Lub neej yav tom ntej nyob ntawm no: Yuav ua li cas Nanomaterials Reshape Manufacturing?
Lub peev xwm ntawm nanomaterials mus deb dhau qhov no. Nws cov ntawv thov yav tom ntej tuaj yeem hloov pauv ntau yam kev lag luam.
Nanoelectronic Devices: Ua Computers me dua, nrawm dua, thiab muaj zog ntau dua.
Aerospace thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb: Kev tsim khoom siv dav hlau nrog cov khoom siv sib zog thiab muaj zog nano, txo qis tus nqi xa tawm.
Ib puag ncig thiab lub zog: Tsim kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo nanocatalysts thiab adsorbents rau kev tswj cov pa phem thiab kev tsim hluav taws xob huv.
Ib qho piv txwv zoo siab yog nyob rau hauv thaj chaw ntawm biotechnology. Peb paub tias DNA muaj ob lub helix qauv, nrog ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm kaum nanometers. Cov kws tshawb fawb tab tom sim siv cov luminescent semiconductor hais ob peb nanometers loj los sau qhov sib txawv ntawm DNA. Qhov no zoo li dai "lanterns" rau ntawm qhov tsaus ntuj DNA "pagoda," tso cai rau peb kom pom meej nws cov qauv thiab kev hloov pauv, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev tshawb nrhiav noob thiab kuaj kab mob.
IV. Ib Txoj Kev Pom Zoo: "Nano" tsis yog Panacea
Nrog rau qhov nrov ntawm lub tswv yim nano, peb kuj yuav tsum tau ceev faj txog nws "vulgarization." Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, "nano tub yees" thiab "nano ntxhua khaub ncaws" tau tshwm sim hauv khw. Tej zaum lawv yuav tau ntxiv qee cov nanoparticles, ntxiv qee cov tshuaj tua kab mob los yog yooj yim - rau - huv si, tab sis cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom tsis tau hloov. Qhov no yog ntau ntawm kev lag luam tactic.
Tam sim no, daim ntawv thov ntawm nanomaterials feem ntau tseem nyob rau hauv thawj theem ntawm hmoov ntxiv, uas tsis yog lub hauv paus ntawm nanotechnology. Qhov tseeb nanotechnology yog hais txog kev tswj hwm thiab siv cov khoom tshiab ntawm nanoscale los tsim cov khoom tshiab. Rau kev lag luam kev lag luam, tus yuam sij rau kev tawg yog nyob rau hauv kev hloov cov nanomaterials los ntawm tsuas yog "additives" rau "cov ntaub ntawv tsim" lossis "cov khoom siv ua haujlwm" uas muaj cov haujlwm tseem ceeb.
Xaus: Lub ntiaj teb ntawm nanomaterials yog ib qho tshiab ua tiav los ntawm hauv qab mus rau hauv qab, pib ntawm atoms thiab molecules. Nws cuam tshuam cov ciam teb ntawm physics, chemistry, biology, thiab engineering, thiab ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv tshiab ntawm thev naus laus zis.
Rau kev tsim khoom siab heev, embracing nanotechnology txhais tau tias ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo hauv cov khoom lag luam, kev siv zog, thiab kev txawj ntse. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tseem xav tau kev tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv, kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem nruj, thiab kev cia siab rau kev lag luam.
