"Daim iav nto ua haujlwm", raws li lub npe cuam tshuam, txhais tau hais tias cov txheej txheem ua tiav tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov duab zoo li daim iav. Qib no tau mus txog qhov zoo ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm. Daim iav saum npoo ua tsis tau tsuas yog tsim lub siab "tso" rau cov khoom, tab sis kuj txo qhov sib txawv. Ntev lub neej qaug zog ntawm lub workpiece; nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv ntau lub rooj sib txoos thiab sealing qauv. Lub polishing daim iav nto ua tshuab yog tsuas yog siv los txo qhov roughness ntawm lub workpiece. Thaum xaiv cov txheej txheem polishing rau hlau workpieces, ntau txoj kev tuaj yeem xaiv raws li qhov xav tau sib txawv. Feem ntau polishing daim iav nto ua txoj kev muaj xws li: mechanical polishing, tshuaj polishing, electrolysis Muaj 7 hom polishing, Hawker daim iav ua, ultrasonic polishing, kua polishing thiab sib nqus sib tsoo thiab polishing.
1. Mechanical polishing
Mechanical polishing yog ib txoj kev polishing uas tshem tawm cov polished convex ib feem los ntawm kev txiav thiab yas deformation ntawm cov khoom nto kom tau ib tug du nto. Feem ntau, cov roj pob zeb strips, wool log, sandpaper, thiab lwm yam yog siv, thiab kev siv phau ntawv yog tsuas yog siv. Qhov tshwj xeeb xws li qhov chaw ntawm lub cev tig tuaj yeem polished. Siv cov cuab yeej pabcuam xws li turntables, ultra-nplua kev sib tsoo thiab polishing txoj kev tuaj yeem siv rau qhov kev xav tau zoo ntawm qhov chaw. Ultra-nplua polishing siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb abrasive, uas yog nias tawm tsam ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm kom ua tiav hauv cov kua polishing uas muaj cov abrasives rau kev sib hloov ceev. Qhov saum npoo roughness ntawm Ra0.008μm tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev siv cov thev naus laus zis no, uas yog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm ntau txoj kev polishing. Optical lens pwm feem ntau siv txoj kev no.
2. Tshuaj polishing
Tshuaj polishing yog ua kom lub microscopic convex ib feem ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom dissolve preferentially piv nrog rau cov concave ib feem nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj nruab nrab, thiaj li yuav tau ib tug du nto. Lub ntsiab kom zoo dua ntawm txoj kev no yog tias nws tsis xav tau cov cuab yeej nyuaj, tuaj yeem polish workpieces nrog cov duab nyuaj, thiab tuaj yeem polish ntau workpieces tib lub sijhawm, nrog kev ua haujlwm siab. Cov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj polishing yog kev npaj cov kua polishing. Qhov saum npoo roughness tau los ntawm tshuaj polishing feem ntau yog ob peb 10 μm.
3. Electropolishing
The basic principle of electrolytic polishing is the same as that of chemical polishing, that is, to make the surface smooth by selectively dissolving the tiny protrusions on the surface of the material. Compared with chemical polishing, it can eliminate the influence of cathode reaction, and the effect is better. The electrochemical polishing process is divided into two steps: (1) Macro leveling The dissolved product diffuses into the electrolyte, and the geometric roughness of the material surface decreases, Ra>1m ua. (2) Twilight leveling Anode polarization, nto brightness yog txhim kho, Ra<1μm.
4. Hawker daim iav ua khoom siv
Raws li cov txheej txheem polishing tshiab, nws muaj qhov tshwj xeeb zoo hauv kev ua ntau hom hlau qhov chaw. Nws tuaj yeem hloov cov tsoos sib tsoo tshuab, dov, tho txawv thiab dov, honing, polishing tshuab, abrasive siv tshuab thiab lwm yam khoom siv hlau nto tiav thiab cov txheej txheem; nws ua rau nws yooj yim rau txheej txheem hlau workpieces nrog ib tug siab tiav. Hawker tuaj yeem tsis tsuas polish, tab sis kuj coj tau ntau yam txiaj ntsig ntxiv: nws tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov ua tiav ntawm cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm los ntawm ntau dua 3 qib (qhov roughness Ra tus nqi tau yooj yim mus txog hauv qab 0.2); thiab qhov chaw microhardness ntawm lub workpiece tuaj yeem nce ntau dua 20 feem pua; Thiab zoo heev txhim kho qhov hnav tsis kam thiab corrosion kuj ntawm workpiece. Hawker tuaj yeem siv los ua txhua yam ntawm stainless hlau thiab lwm yam hlau workpieces.
5. Ultrasonic polishing
Lub workpiece yog muab tso rau hauv lub abrasive ncua kev kawm ntawv thiab muab tso ua ke nyob rau hauv lub ultrasonic teb, thiab lub abrasive yog av thiab polished nyob rau saum npoo ntawm lub workpiece los ntawm txoj kev ntawm ultrasonic oscillation. Ultrasonic machining muaj me me macroscopic quab yuam thiab yuav tsis ua rau deformation ntawm lub workpiece, tab sis nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau tsim thiab nruab tooling. Ultrasonic machining tuaj yeem ua ke nrog cov tshuaj los yog electrochemical txoj kev. Nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm kev daws corrosion thiab electrolysis, ultrasonic kev co yog siv los do cov tshuaj, kom cov khoom yaj nyob rau saum npoo ntawm lub workpiece yog sib cais, thiab cov corrosion los yog electrolyte nyob ze ntawm lub nto yog uniform; cov nyhuv cavitation ntawm ultrasonic tsis nyob rau hauv cov kua kuj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem corrosion thiab pab txhawb qhov ci ntsa iab.
6. Dej polishing
Cov kua polishing tso siab rau cov kua dej nrawm nrawm thiab cov khoom siv abrasive nqa mus rau qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm polishing. Feem ntau siv txoj kev yog: abrasive dav hlau ua, ua kua dav hlau ua, hydrodynamic sib tsoo, thiab lwm yam. Hydrodynamic sib tsoo yog tsav los ntawm hydraulic siab, kom cov kua nruab nrab nqa abrasive hais ntws rov qab thiab tawm thoob plaws qhov chaw ntawm lub workpiece ntawm kev kub ceev. Qhov nruab nrab yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom tshwj xeeb (polymer-zoo li cov khoom) nrog zoo flowability nyob rau hauv kuj tsis tshua muaj siab thiab tov nrog abrasives. Cov abrasives tuaj yeem yog silicon carbide hmoov.
duab
7. Sib nqus sib tsoo thiab polishing
Sib nqus sib tsoo thiab polishing yog siv cov hlau nplaum abrasives los tsim cov txhuam txhuam hauv qab qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov hlau nplaum kom zom cov khoom ua haujlwm. Txoj kev no muaj kev ua haujlwm siab, ua haujlwm zoo, tswj tau yooj yim ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo. Nrog rau cov abrasives tsim nyog, qhov nto roughness tuaj yeem ncav cuag Ra 0.1μm. Cov polishing hais nyob rau hauv yas pwm ua yog txawv heev los ntawm polishing nto yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv lwm yam lag luam. Hais lus nruj me ntsis, polishing ntawm pwm yuav tsum hu ua daim iav ua. Nws tsis tsuas yog muaj kev xav tau siab ntawm polishing nws tus kheej tab sis kuj muaj cov qauv siab ntawm qhov chaw flatness, smoothness thiab geometric raug. Nto polishing feem ntau tsuas yog xav tau kom tau txais qhov ci ntsa iab. Vim tias electrolytic polishing, kua polishing thiab lwm txoj hauv kev yog qhov nyuaj rau kev tswj cov geometric raug ntawm qhov chaw, thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov tshuaj polishing, ultrasonic polishing, sib nqus abrasive polishing thiab lwm txoj kev tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua, yog li daim iav ua ntawm precision pwm yog tseem raws li mechanical polishing. tus tswv tsev.
