Txhawm rau txhim kho qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov pwm, ntau lub tuam txhab yuav ua lawv cov pwm kom zoo. Mould processing yog hais txog kev ua cov cuab yeej tsim thiab cov cuab yeej billet, thiab tseem suav nrog shearing tuag thiab tuag-txiav tuag. Nws tseem yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam txog kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, ua rau muaj kev poob qis hauv pwm kev ua haujlwm, yog li yuav ua li cas los tsim pwm kev ua haujlwm tsis raug? Xya qhov ntsuas hauv qab no tuaj yeem daws qhov tsis xws ntawm kev ua pwm.
1. Tsim nyog xaiv thiab hnav khaub ncaws ntawm kev sib tsoo log
Kev sib tsoo lub log siv cov corundum dawb yog qhov zoo dua, nws qhov kev ua tau zoo yog qhov nyuaj thiab nkig, thiab nws yooj yim los tsim cov npoo tshiab, yog li lub zog txiav me me, qhov sib tsoo kub me me, thiab qhov nruab nrab particle loj yog siv rau hauv qhov loj me. , xws li {{0}} mesh zoo dua. Lub hardness ntawm kev sib tsoo log yog nruab nrab-mos thiab mos (ZR1, ZR2 thiab R1, R2), uas yog, coarse-grained, low-hardness sib tsoo lub log, uas muaj kev zoo siab rau tus kheej thiab tuaj yeem txo cov cua sov. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tau xaiv cov kev sib tsoo uas tsim nyog rau kev sib tsoo zoo. Rau siab vanadium thiab siab molybdenum tej yam kev mob ntawm cov pwm hlau, nws yog tsim nyog los xaiv GD ib leeg siv lead ua corundum sib tsoo log. Thaum ua cov cemented carbide thiab cov ntaub ntawv nrog siab quenching hardness, pob zeb diamond nrog organic binder yog nyiam. Sib tsoo log, organic binder sib tsoo log muaj qhov zoo ntawm tus kheej sib tsoo, thiab qhov roughness ntawm lub workpiece tuaj yeem ncav cuag Ra0.2μm. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, nrog rau kev siv cov ntaub ntawv tshiab, CBN (cubic boron nitride) kev sib tsoo log tau pom tias muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo heev. Ua tiav ntawm CNC txoj kev sib tsoo, sib koom tes sib tsoo, thiab CNC sab hauv thiab sab nraud cylindrical grinders, cov nyhuv zoo dua li lwm hom kev sib tsoo log. Thaum lub sij hawm sib tsoo, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau kev hnav khaub ncaws sib tsoo lub sij hawm kom lub log sib tsoo ntse. Thaum lub log sib tsoo passivated, nws yuav swb thiab nyem rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub workpiece, ua rau kub hnyiab ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub workpiece thiab txo nws lub zog.
2. Kev siv lub tshuab ua kom txias txias
Ua si peb lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua kom txias, ntxuav thiab lubrication, ua kom txias thiab lubrication kom huv si, thiaj li tswj tau cov cua sov sib tsoo hauv qhov kev tso cai, txhawm rau tiv thaiv thermal deformation ntawm workpiece. Txhim kho cov cua txias thaum lub sij hawm sib tsoo, xws li siv cov roj sib tsoo log los yog cov cua txias sib tsoo. Cov kua txiav yog nkag mus rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub log sib tsoo, thiab cov kua txiav tuaj yeem ncaj qha nkag mus rau hauv qhov sib tsoo kom ua kom cov cua txias zoo thiab tiv thaiv qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm los ntawm kev kub hnyiab.
3. Txo qhov kev ntxhov siab tom qab kev kho cua sov kom tsawg
Vim hais tias ntawm quenching kev nyuaj siab thiab lub network carbonized qauv nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm kev sib tsoo quab yuam, theem transformation ntawm cov qauv yuav yooj yim ua rau tawg nyob rau hauv lub workpiece. Rau high-precision pwm, txhawm rau txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov seem ntawm kev sib tsoo, kev kho qhov kub thiab txias yuav tsum tau nqa tawm tom qab sib tsoo los txhim kho toughness.
Kev kho cua sov ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev pwm suav nrog kev kho cua sov ua ntej, kev kho cua sov zaum kawg thiab kev kho kom muaj zog saum npoo. Feem ntau, kev kho cua sov tsis xws luag yog hais txog ntau yam tsis xws luag uas tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm kho cua sov kawg ntawm cov pwm los yog hauv cov txheej txheem tom ntej thiab thaum siv, xws li quenching cracks, out-of-tolerance deformation, tsis txaus hardness, hluav taws xob machining tawg, sib tsoo tawg. , thiab kev puas tsuaj thaum ntxov rau pwm tos. Cia peb ua tib zoo saib cov kev tiv thaiv tsis xws luag nrog tus editor! duab
Quenching
Qhov ua rau thiab kev tiv thaiv ntawm quenching cracking yog raws li nram no:
1. Cov nyhuv zoo yog feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm cov qauv tsim, xws li cov fillet R yog me me dhau, txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub qhov tsis tau teeb tsa kom zoo, thiab kev hloov ntawm seem tsis zoo.
2. Kev kub dhau (overburning) feem ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev tswj qhov kub tsis raug lossis khiav kub, tsis xwm yeem thiab tsis tsim nyog cov txheej txheem nqus cua sov, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsis txaus tempering. Qhov ntsuas kub siab dhau lawm, qhov cub kub tsis sib xws thiab lwm yam tshwm sim. Cov kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv muaj xws li kev saib xyuas, ua pov thawj qhov ntsuas kub tswj qhov system, kho cov txheej txheem kub, thiab ntxiv shim hlau nruab nrab ntawm lub workpiece thiab lub cub tawg.
3. Decarburization feem ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm tej yam xws li overheating (los yog overburning), tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv cua sov nyob rau hauv lub cua sov cua sov, me me machining nyiaj, residual decarburization txheej nyob rau hauv forging los yog preliminary tshav kub kev kho mob, thiab lwm yam. , Lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuum thiab lub thawv rauv yog kev tiv thaiv los ntawm lub thawv los yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidation; qhov nyiaj pub rau machining yog nce los ntawm 2 mus rau 3 hli.
4. Kev ua kom txias tsis zoo yog feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm kev xaiv tsis raug ntawm cov khoom ua kom txias lossis overcooling. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ua kom paub cov yam ntxwv txias ntawm qhov nruab nrab quenching lossis tempering kho.
5. Lub koom haum ntawm cov khoom siv raw khoom tsis zoo, xws li kev sib cais loj ntawm carbide, tsis zoo forging zoo, kev npaj tsis zoo rau kev kho cua sov, thiab lwm yam. Kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv yog siv cov txheej txheem forging kom raug thiab tsim nyog kev npaj cov cua sov.
Tsis txaus hardness
Cov laj thawj thiab kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv tsis txaus yog raws li hauv qab no:
1. Lub quenching kub yog tsawg heev, feem ntau yog vim tsis tsim nyog txheej txheem qhov kub thiab txias, tswj qhov system yuam kev, tsis tsim nyog lub cub tawg loading los yog nkag mus rau hauv lub txias tank, thiab lwm yam., cov txheej txheem kub yuav tsum tau kho, lub kub tswj system yuav tsum tau overhauled, thiab lub sijhawm ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau hloov kho thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm lub cub tawg. Npaj lawv kom tsim nyog thiab sib npaug, faib lawv mus rau hauv lub tank, thiab txwv tsis pub sib dhos lossis muab lawv tso rau hauv lub tank kom txias.
2. Lub quenching kub yog siab dhau lawm, uas yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov txheej txheem tsis tsim nyog qhov kub thiab txias tswj qhov system yuam kev. Cov txheej txheem kub yuav tsum raug kho, thiab qhov ntsuas kub yuav tsum tau kho dua thiab kuaj xyuas.
3. Over-tempering, uas yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev teeb tsa qhov kub thiab txias siab dhau, kev ua yuam kev ntawm kev tswj qhov kub thiab txias los yog nkag mus rau hauv lub cub tawg thaum lub qhov cub kub siab dhau lawm. Cov txheej txheem kub yuav tsum raug kho, thiab qhov ntsuas kub yuav tsum tau kho dua. nkag.
4. Kev ua kom txias tsis zoo, qhov laj thawj yog vim li cas lub sijhawm ua ntej txias yog ntev dhau lawm, qhov cua txias nruab nrab tsis raug xaiv, qhov kub ntawm qhov nruab nrab quenching yog maj mam siab thiab qhov ua haujlwm txias yog txo, qhov sib tov tsis zoo lossis qhov kub thiab txias. ntawm lub tank siab dhau lawm, thiab lwm yam kev ntsuas: tawm ntawm lub cub tawg, nkag mus rau hauv lub tank, thiab lwm yam sai sai; tus tswv lub quenching nruab nrab txias cov yam ntxwv: roj kub yog 60-80 degree, dej kub yog qis dua 30 degree, thaum lub quenching npaum li cas loj thiab cov cua txias nruab nrab heats li, txias quenching nruab nrab yuav tsum tau ntxiv los yog lwm yam txias tso tsheb hlau luam yuav tsum tau siv. rau txias; lub stirring ntawm coolant yuav tsum tau ntxiv dag zog; ntawm Ms plus 50 degree thaum tshem tawm.
5. Decarburization, uas yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov residual decarburization txheej ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv los yog quenching thiab cua sov. Cov kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv yog tswj cov cua sov cua sov, ntsev da dej cua sov, lub tshuab nqus tsev rauv thiab lub thawv rauv yog tiv thaiv los ntawm kev ntim khoom lossis siv cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv oxidation; Nce tus nqi los ntawm 2 mus rau 3 hli.
Tawm ntawm kev kam rau siab
Hauv kev tsim kho tshuab, quenching deformation ntawm kev kho cua sov yog qhov tseeb, thaum tsis yog-deformation yog txheeb ze. Hauv lwm lo lus, nws tsuas yog qhov teeb meem ntawm deformation loj. Qhov no feem ntau yog vim qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov chaw ntawm martensitic transformation thaum kho cua sov. Kev tiv thaiv kev kho cua sov deformation (kev hloov pauv thiab cov duab hloov pauv) yog ib txoj haujlwm nyuaj heev thiab ntau zaus yuav tsum tau daws qhov teeb meem. Qhov no yog vim hais tias tsis yog tsuas yog hom steel thiab pwm zoo muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev kho cua sov deformation, tab sis kuj tsis raug carbide tis thiab forging thiab kev kho cua sov txoj kev yuav ua rau los yog ua rau nws hnyav dua, thiab nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev kho cua sov, ntev li ntev raws li ib tug tej yam kev mob. hloov, lub deformation ntawm steel qhov chaw Cov degree yuav txawv heev. Txawm hais tias qhov teeb meem ntawm kev kho cua sov deformation tau raug daws los ntawm cov kev paub dhau los thiab kev sim rau lub sijhawm ntev, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum nkag siab qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm raw khoom forging, module orientation, pwm zoo, txoj kev kho cua sov thiab kev kho cua sov deformation, thiab tuav. txoj cai ntawm kev kho cua sov deformation los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tiag tiag. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb heev los tsim cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev kho cua sov deformation.
decarbonization
Decarburization yog ib qho tshwm sim thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv uas tag nrho los yog ib feem ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide nyob rau saum npoo ntawm txheej yog poob vim muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm ib puag ncig cua thaum lub steel ib feem yog rhuab los yog cia sov. Decarburization ntawm steel qhov chaw yuav tsis tsuas yog ua rau tsis txaus hardness, quenching kab nrib pleb, kho cua sov deformation thiab tshuaj kho cua sov tsis xws luag, tab sis kuj muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau qaug zog, hnav tsis kam thiab pwm kev ua tau zoo.
Kev tawg los ntawm hluav taws xob tawm machining
Hauv kev tsim pwm, kev siv hluav taws xob tawm machining (hluav taws xob mem tes thiab xaim txiav) yog siv ntau thiab ntau txoj kev ua, tab sis nrog rau kev siv dav siv hluav taws xob tawm machining, cov teeb meem tshwm sim los ntawm nws kuj nce ntxiv. Txij li thaum hluav taws xob tso tawm machining yog ib txoj kev ua uas melts saum npoo ntawm pwm los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias generated los ntawm hluav taws xob tawm, ib tug dawb hluav taws xob paug machining metamorphic txheej yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem, thiab ib tug tensile kev nyuaj siab ntawm txog 800 MPa yog generated. . Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, thaum lub sij hawm hluav taws xob machining txheej txheem ntawm cov pwm Kev tsis zoo xws li deformation los yog tawg feem ntau tshwm nyob rau hauv nruab nrab. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum nkag siab tag nrho cov kev cuam tshuam ntawm hluav taws xob tawm machining ntawm cov khoom pwm, thiab ua raws li kev tiv thaiv ua ntej. Tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob overheating thiab decarburization thaum kho cua sov, thiab ua kom txaus tempering los txo lossis tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab uas seem; Txhawm rau kom tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv uas tsim tawm thaum lub sij hawm quenching, yuav tsum tau siv high-temperature tempering, yog li steel hom uas tuaj yeem tiv taus kub kub yuav tsum tau siv (xws li Crl2 hom, ASP-23, high-speed steel, thiab lwm yam. .), cov txheej txheem nyob rau hauv qhov kev tso tawm ruaj khov; tom qab tso tawm machining, ua stabilization thiab so kev kho mob; teeb cov txheej txheem tsim nyog qhov thiab grooves; tag nrho tshem tawm cov txheej re-solidified, thiaj li hais tias nyob rau hauv lub suab nrov tom ntej siv; siv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm vector txhais lus, ib feem ntawm cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv uas tau concentrated nyob rau hauv lub txiav sentinel yog tso tawm los ntawm cov kua.
Tsis txaus toughness
Yog vim li cas rau qhov tsis muaj toughness yog tias qhov kub thiab txias yog siab dhau thiab lub sijhawm tuav ntev dhau los ua rau cov nplej coarsening, lossis vim tias tempering tsis zam nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tempering brittle.
sib tsoo tawg
Thaum muaj ntau cov austenite khaws cia nyob rau hauv lub workpiece, nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm kev sib tsoo kub, tempering transformation tshwm sim, uas ua rau cov txheej txheem kev nyuaj siab thiab tawg ntawm lub workpiece. Cov kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv yog: kev kho cua sov lossis rov ua dua tom qab quenching (tuag tempering feem ntau yog 2 mus rau 3 zaug, txawm tias cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hlau rau kev ua haujlwm txias), kom txo cov nqi ntawm cov austenite.
