Hlau yog hlau-carbon alloy nrog cov ntsiab lus carbon ntawm 0.0218 feem pua thiab 2.11 feem pua. Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias nws cov tawv tawv thiab cov yas, cov ntsiab lus carbon feem ntau tsis tshaj 1.7 feem pua. Ntxiv nrog rau cov hlau thiab carbon, cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau muaj xws li silicon, manganese, sulfur thiab phosphorus. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los faib cov hlau. Niaj hnub no peb yuav saib cov kev cai naming ntawm steel.
1) Carbon steel qauv
Txoj kev sawv cev: Q ntxiv tus lej ntxiv (cov cim qib zoo) ntxiv rau (deoxidation method symbol) ntxiv rau (tus cim tshwj xeeb lub hom phiaj)
①Tus naj npawb steel yog ua ntej nrog "Q", uas sawv cev rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau;
② Tus lej tom qab "Q" qhia tus nqi ntawm qhov taw tes tawm, thiab chav tsev yog MPa. Piv txwv li, Q235 txhais tau tias carbon structural steel nrog ib tug yield point (σs) ntawm 235 MPa;
③ Yog tias tsim nyog, lub cim qhia txog qib zoo thiab txoj kev deoxidation tuaj yeem raug cim tom qab tus lej hlau. Cov cim qib zoo yog A, B, C, D raws.
Deoxidation txoj kev cim: F txhais tau tias boiling hlau; b txhais tau tias semi-tua steel; Z txhais tau tias tua hlau; TZ txhais tau tias tshwj xeeb tua hlau, thiab cov hlau tua yuav tsis raug cim nrog cov cim, uas yog, Z thiab TZ yuav tsis raug cim. Piv txwv li, Q235-AF txhais tau tias Qib A boiling hlau.
Cov pa roj carbon steel rau lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb: xws li choj hlau, marine steel, thiab lwm yam, yeej siv txoj kev qhia ntawm carbon structural steel, tab sis ntxiv tsab ntawv qhia lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov kawg ntawm tus lej hlau.
2) High-quality carbon steel qauv
Txoj kev sawv cev: tus lej ntxiv (cov cim cim) ntxiv rau (deoxidation method symbol) ntxiv rau (lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb cim)
① Ob tus lej ntawm qhov pib ntawm tus lej hlau qhia cov ntsiab lus carbon ntawm cov hlau, qhia hauv kaum-txhiab ntawm qhov nruab nrab cov ntsiab lus carbon. Piv txwv li, rau cov hlau nrog qhov nruab nrab carbon cov ntsiab lus ntawm 0.45 feem pua, cov hlau tooj yog "45". Nws tsis yog tus lej xov tooj, yog li nws tsis tuaj yeem nyeem tau li 45 gauge steel.
② Rau cov khoom siv zoo carbon steel nrog cov ntsiab lus siab manganese, cov ntsiab lus manganese yuav tsum raug cim, xws li 50Mn.
③ Lub boiling steel, semi-tua steel thiab tshwj xeeb-lub hom phiaj high-zoo carbon structural steel yuav tsum tau cim nyob rau hauv lub kawg ntawm cov hlau tooj. Piv txwv li, tus naj npawb ntawm cov hlau ntawm semi-tua steel nrog qhov nruab nrab carbon cov ntsiab lus ntawm 0.1 feem pua yog 10b.
3) Cov cuab yeej carbon steel
Txoj kev sawv cev: tsab ntawv T ntxiv tus lej ntxiv (tus cim cim) ntxiv rau (cov cim qib zoo)
① Tus lej steel yog ua ntej nrog "T" kom tsis txhob sib xyaw nrog lwm hom hlau.
② Tus lej nyob rau hauv tus lej steel qhia cov ntsiab lus carbon, qhia nyob rau hauv txhiab ntawm cov ntsiab lus nruab nrab carbon. Piv txwv li, "T8" txhais tau hais tias qhov nruab nrab carbon cov ntsiab lus yog 0.8 feem pua .
③ Rau cov neeg uas muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm manganese ntau dua, "Mn" yog cim rau qhov kawg ntawm cov hlau, xws li "T8Mn".
④ Cov phosphorus thiab sulfur cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov qib high-zoo carbon cuab yeej steel yog qis dua li ntawm cov khoom siv zoo carbon steel. Tsab ntawv "A" ntxiv rau qhov kawg ntawm tus lej hlau los qhia qhov sib txawv, xws li "T8MnA".
4) Dawb txiav steel
Txoj kev sawv cev: tsab ntawv Y ntxiv rau tus lej ntxiv (cov cim cim)
① Tus naj npawb steel yog crowned nrog "Y" kom paub qhov txawv ntawm cov khoom siv hlau zoo.
② Tus lej tom qab tsab ntawv "Y" qhia cov ntsiab lus carbon, qhia hauv kaum-txhiab ntawm cov ntsiab lus nruab nrab carbon. Piv txwv li, cov hlau tsis pub txiav nrog qhov nruab nrab carbon cov ntsiab lus ntawm 0.3 feem pua muaj cov qib steel ntawm "Y30".
③ Rau cov neeg uas muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm manganese ntau dua, "Mn" kuj raug cim tom qab tus lej hlau, xws li "Y40Mn".
5) Alloy qauv steel
Txoj kev sawv cev: (cim rau lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb) ntxiv rau tus lej ntxiv rau cov cim ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab tus lej ntxiv rau cov cim ntawm cov kab sib txuas ntxiv (cov cim ntawm qib zoo) ntxiv rau (lub cim rau lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb)
① Ob tus lej ntawm qhov pib ntawm tus lej hlau qhia cov ntsiab lus carbon ntawm cov hlau, qhia hauv kaum-txhiab ntawm cov ntsiab lus nruab nrab ntawm cov pa roj carbon, xws li 40Cr.
② Lub ntsiab alloying ntsiab nyob rau hauv steel, tshwj tsis yog rau ob peb microalloying ntsiab, feem ntau qhia nyob rau hauv ob peb feem pua. Thaum qhov nruab nrab cov ntsiab lus ntawm alloy tsawg dua 1.5 feem pua, feem ntau tsuas yog lub cim cim cim nyob rau hauv tus lej hlau, tab sis tsis yog cov ntsiab lus. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias nws yooj yim ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb, tus lej "1" kuj tuaj yeem raug cim tom qab lub cim cim, xws li steel tooj "12CrMoV" thiab "12Cr1MoV", cov ntsiab lus chromium ntawm qub yog {{6} }. Thaum cov ntsiab lus nruab nrab ntawm cov ntsiab lus alloying ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 1.5 feem pua, Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 2.5 feem pua, Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 3.5 feem pua, thiab lwm yam, cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum tau qhia tom qab lub cim cim, uas tuaj yeem hais tau raws li 2, 3, 4, thiab lwm yam. Piv txwv li 18Cr2Ni4WA.
③Alloying ntsiab xws li vanadium V, titanium Ti, txhuas AL, boron B, thiab tsawg ntiaj teb RE nyob rau hauv hlau yog microalloying ntsiab. Txawm hais tias cov ntsiab lus tsawg heev, lawv tseem yuav tsum tau cim rau hauv tus lej steel. Piv txwv li, hauv 20MnVB steel: vanadium yog 0.07-0.12 feem pua, boron yog 0.001-0.005 feem pua .
④ Cov qib high-zoo steel yuav tsum ntxiv "A" tom kawg ntawm tus lej steel kom paub qhov txawv ntawm cov hlau zoo.
⑤ Rau cov qauv hlau alloy rau lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb, tus lej steel yog ua ntej (los yog suffixed) nrog lub cim sawv cev rau kev siv hom hlau. Piv txwv li, 30CrMnSi steel rau riveting screws, cov hlau tooj yog qhia raws li ML30CrMnSi
6) Tsawg alloy siab zog steel
Txoj kev sawv cev: (cim rau lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb) ntxiv rau tus lej ntxiv rau cov cim ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab tus lej ntxiv rau cov cim ntawm cov kab sib txuas ntxiv (cov cim ntawm qib zoo) ntxiv rau (lub cim rau lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb)
① Cov txheej txheem qhia ntawm qib steel yog qhov pib zoo ib yam li cov qauv hlau alloy.
② Rau qis-alloy high-strength steel rau kev siv, nws yuav tsum tau cim nyob rau hauv lub kawg ntawm cov hlau tooj. Piv txwv li, 16Mn steel, qib tshwj xeeb steel siv rau txuas hniav yog "16Mnq", qib tshwj xeeb steel rau tsheb nqaj hlau yog "16MnL", thiab qib tshwj xeeb steel rau cov hlab ntsha siab yog "16MnR".
7) Caij nplooj ntoos hlav steel
Raws li cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav steel tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob hom: carbon caij nplooj ntoos hlav steel thiab hlau alloy caij nplooj ntoos hlav steel. Cov qauv tooj hlau sawv cev yog tias yav dhau los yog qhov zoo ib yam li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo, thiab tom kawg yog qhov pib zoo ib yam li cov hlau hlau alloy.
8) Rolling bearing steel
tso saib txoj kev:
High carbon chromium bearing steel: tsab ntawv G ntxiv rau Cr lub cim thiab tus lej
Carburized bearing steel: tsab ntawv G ntxiv tus lej ntxiv rau lub ntsiab alloy lub cim thiab tus lej ntxiv rau cov kab hlau txuas ntxiv cim ntxiv (cov cim qib zoo)
①Tus naj npawb steel yog ua ntej nrog tsab ntawv "G", uas txhais tau tias dov bearing steel.
② Cov ntsiab lus carbon ntawm high-carbon chromium bearing steel hlau qib tsis raug cim, thiab cov ntsiab lus chromium tau nthuav tawm ntau txhiab, xws li GCr15. Tus lej xov tooj sawv cev txoj kev ntawm carburized bearing steel yog qhov pib zoo ib yam li cov qauv hlau alloy.
9) Alloy cuab yeej steel thiab high-ceev cuab yeej steel
① Thaum qhov nruab nrab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau alloy steel qib siab dua lossis sib npaug rau 1.0 feem pua, cov ntsiab lus carbon tsis raug cim; thaum nruab nrab cov ntsiab lus carbon yog<1.0%, it is expressed in thousandths. For example Cr12, CrWMn, 9SiCr, 3Cr2W8V.
② Cov txheej txheem qhia txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus hlau hauv cov hlau yog tib yam li cov qauv hlau alloy. Txawm li cas los xij, rau cov cuab yeej hlau alloy steel qib nrog cov ntsiab lus chromium tsawg, cov ntsiab lus chromium tau qhia nyob rau hauv txhiab, thiab "0" ntxiv ua ntej tus lej qhia cov ntsiab lus, kom nws tuaj yeem nthuav tawm ob peb feem pua nrog cov dav dav. lub ntsiab lus. txawv. Piv txwv li Cr06.
③ Cov qib steel ntawm high-speed tool steel feem ntau tsis qhia cov ntsiab lus carbon, tab sis tsuas yog qhia ob peb feem pua ntawm cov ntsiab lus nruab nrab ntawm ntau yam alloying ntsiab lus. Piv txwv li, qib steel ntawm tungsten-raws li high-speed steel yog qhia raws li "W18Cr4V". Tus lej hlau nrog tsab ntawv "C" txhais tau hais tias nws cov ntsiab lus carbon yog siab dua li ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj "C".
10) Stainless hlau thiab kub-resistant steel
① Cov ntsiab lus carbon nyob rau hauv qib steel yog qhia nyob rau hauv txhiab. Piv txwv li, qhov nruab nrab carbon cov ntsiab lus ntawm "2Cr13" steel yog 0.2 feem pua. Yog tias cov ntsiab lus carbon hauv cov hlau tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.03 feem pua lossis tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.08 feem pua , tus lej hlau yog ua ntej los ntawm "00" thiab "0" raws, xws li 00Cr17Ni14Mo2, 0Cr18 Ni9, thiab lwm yam.
② Lub ntsiab alloying ntsiab nyob rau hauv cov hlau yog qhia nyob rau hauv feem pua, thaum titanium, niobium, zirconium, nitrogen ... thiab lwm yam.
11) Weld pas nrig
Nws tus lej steel yog ua ntej nrog tsab ntawv "H" kom paub qhov txawv ntawm lwm hom hlau. Piv txwv li, stainless hlau welding hlau yog "H2Cr13", uas yuav txawv los ntawm stainless hlau "2Cr13".
12) Silicon steel rau hluav taws xob lub hom phiaj
① Tus lej hlau yog tsim los ntawm cov ntawv thiab cov lej. Thawj tsab ntawv ntawm tus lej steel DR txhais tau tias kub-dov silicon steel rau siv hluav taws xob, DW txhais tau tias txias-kuav los tiag uas tsis yog-oriented silicon steel rau hluav taws xob siv, thiab DQ txhais tau tias txias-kuav los tiag silicon steel rau hluav taws xob siv.
② Tus lej tom qab tsab ntawv qhia tias 100 npaug ntawm tus nqi hlau poob (W / kg).
③ Tsab ntawv "G" tom kawg ntawm tus lej hlau qhia tias nws raug kuaj ntawm qhov siab; qhov tsis muaj "G" qhia tias nws raug kuaj ntawm qhov zaus ntawm 50 cycles.
Piv txwv li, cov hlau qib DW470 qhia tias qhov siab tshaj plaws hlau poob rau ib chav tsev qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom txias-kuav los tiag uas tsis yog-oriented silicon steel khoom rau hluav taws xob lub hom phiaj ntawm ib zaus ntawm 50 Hz yog 4.7W / kg.
13) Cov hlau ntshiab rau cov hluav taws xob
① Nws qib yog tsim los ntawm tsab ntawv "DT" thiab cov lej. "DT" txhais tau tias cov hlau ntshiab rau cov neeg siv hluav taws xob, thiab tus lej txhais tau tias tus lej ntawm cov qib sib txawv, xws li DT3.
② Cov ntawv ntxiv tom qab tus lej qhia txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm electromagnetic: A-advanced, E-ntxiv, C-super, xws li DT8A.
