Kub dov steel ntawv thiab cov khoom siv sawb yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv hlau. Nrog rau daim ntawv thov thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntawv kub dov nyob rau hauv ntau yam, cov neeg siv cov kev xav tau ntawm cov khoom tau dhau los ua nruj dua. Thaum cov neeg siv xyuam xim rau qhov zoo ntawm cov hlau phaj, lawv kuj tau them nyiaj ntau dua rau thiab them nyiaj ntau dua rau qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom.
Rau qhov loj, qhov zoo li qhov zoo yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntsuas rau kev ntsuas qhov zoo ntawm cov ntawv kub-dov hlau. Yog tias qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom tsis ua raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua, cov neeg siv yuav tsis lees paub thiab lees txais nws. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntau lawm, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej tias qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom, tab sis kuj them sai sai rau qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom.
duab
(sab waves)
Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom kub dov, vim muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm ntau yam xws li kev kub siab, kev kub siab, kev kub ceev thiab cov khoom siv kho vajtse, cov khoom tsim tawm yuav tsis ua raws li cov neeg siv khoom xav tau, thiab ntau yam tsis xws luag ntawm cov khoom. nto ntawm steel phaj yuav tshwm sim. Nws yog inevitable, thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov teeb meem no khiav los ntawm tag nrho cov kub dov txheej txheem ntau lawm. Nws tsis tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau lub ntsej muag ntawm cov khoom tsim tom ntej, tab sis kuj tseem cuam tshuam nrog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua tom ntej, cov nqi ua haujlwm, thiab lwm yam.
Txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kub-kuav los tiag, cov tuam txhab tsim khoom hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws tau siv ntau yam kev ntsuas los kho thiab txhim kho, xws li kev sib xyaw tshuaj thiab cov khoom siv phosphorus tshem tawm, nruam annealing, thiab steel purification. Tos.
2 Kev faib tawm ntawm qhov tsis xws luag ntawm cov ntawv kub dov steel
Kev faib tawm ntawm qhov tsis xws luag yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab cov lus piav qhia hauv cov qauv kev qhia thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm cov ntawv kub-dov hlau, thiab tib lub sijhawm, cov qauv thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov tsis xws luag yuav tsum tau tsim thiab piav qhia ua ke nrog cov txheej txheem. nce nyob rau hauv tus naj npawb ntawm steel hom thiab ntau yam ntawm ntau lawm txoj kev nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no. . Cov kev tsis xws luag ntawm cov ntawv kub-kuav los tiag steel tuaj yeem muab faib ua tsib pawg: qhov tsis xws luag, phaj duab tsis xws luag, cov khoom muaj pes tsawg leeg, tag nrho cov coil zoo li tsis xws luag thiab geometric qhov ntev.
2.1 Nto tsis xws luag
Muaj kev sib koom ua ke thoob ntiaj teb kev ntsuas tus qauv rau kev faib tawm ntawm qhov tsis xws luag ntawm cov ntawv kub dov steel. Raws li qhov sib txawv xws li lawv cov laj thawj thiab cov duab, qhov tsis xws luag ntawm qhov nruab nrab-tuab daim hlau muab faib ua 33 hom.
duab
(nrog)
Txawm li cas los xij, ntau hom yuav cuam tshuam rau ib leeg, thiab ntau yam tsis xws luag kuj zoo sib xws hauv cov tsos, uas yooj yim ua rau tsis meej pem. Yog li ntawd, cov teeb meem no tuaj yeem muab sau ua ke thiab muab faib ua tsib pawg: (1) pockmarks; (2) folds thiab khawb; (3) suav nrog; (4) caws pliav; (5) tawg.
2.2 Cov duab tsis xws luag
Cov duab tsis xws luag feem ntau tuaj yeem muab faib ua 3 pawg:
2.2.1 Nruab nrab nthwv dej: Wave undulations raws qhov ntev ntawm kev taw qhia, feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv nyias gauge los yog tsawg-carbon steel daim hlau; 2.2.2 Sab nthwv dej: Feem ntau tshwm sim hauv qhov ntsuas nyias, cov khoom siv qis carbon steel, nrog wavy undulations ntawm cov npoo;
2.2.3 Lub substrate ntawm lub checkered phaj yog tsis sib npaug: lub hauv paus phaj ntawm lub checkered phaj muaj pom tseeb protrusions thiab kev nyuaj siab, uas yog nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm cov ntses nplai, faib raws lub longitudinal band, thiab ib co yog faib raws li qhov chaw ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm. .
duab
2.3 Qhov tsis xws luag hauv qhov tsos ntawm tag nrho cov yob
Cov tsos mob ntawm tag nrho cov ntim feem ntau yuav muab faib ua 5 pawg nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm tsos:
2.3.1 Ntauwd puab: ntauwd zoo li zoo li, feem ntau tshwm nyob rau hauv dov tuab-gauge khoom;
2.3.2 Unwinding: Muaj qhov sib txawv loj ntawm cov coil txheej thiab cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg, uas feem ntau tshwm nyob rau hauv cov khoom dov tuab-gauge;
2.3.3 Staggered khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg: lub unevenness ntawm coil txheej los yog txheej, los yog ntawm txheej, feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv dov tuab-gauge khoom;
2.3.4 Kev puas tsuaj rau dai: qee qhov ntawm ob qhov kawg ntawm lub kauj yog puas; muaj qhov khoob ntawm cov coil txheej;
2.3.5 Collapsing coil: Cov tsos ntawm cov hlau kauj yog oval lossis tsis sib xws.
duab
2.4 Kev sib xyaw ua haujlwm
Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev ua tau zoo, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua 3 pawg:
2.4.1 Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntau tshaj tus qauv: ib lossis ntau yam khoom siv ntau tshaj qhov xav tau los ntawm qib steel npaj;
2.4.2 Lub zog tensile siab tshaj tus qauv M: lub zog tensile tshaj qhov xav tau los ntawm qib steel npaj;
2.4.3 Tshaj elongation: qhov elongation ntau tshaj qhov xav tau los ntawm qib steel npaj.
2.5 Geometry 2
Hais txog geometric loj, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua 3 pawg:
2.5.1 Thickness tsis sib haum: tag nrho los yog ib nrab thickness ntawm cov hlau kauj siab tshaj qhov kam rau ua ntau yam ntawm cov thickness npaj;
2.5.2 Qhov dav tsis haum: tag nrho lossis ib feem dav ntawm cov hlau kauj siab tshaj qhov kev zam ntawm qhov dav dav;
2.5.3 Qhov siab ntawm cov qauv phaj tsis txaus: qhov siab ntawm cov qauv tsis yog raws li tau teev tseg hauv daim ntawv cog lus. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim tshwm sim thaum dov thickness saum 5.8 hli.
3 Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm qhov tsis xws luag ntawm cov ntawv kub dov steel
Kub-dov hlau los xij raug cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam hauv lub sijhawm tsim khoom:
Nws feem ntau suav nrog peb yam: cua sov thiab dephosphorization ntawm slab, txheej txheem kub them thiab lub xeev saum npoo ntawm dov hais lus. Cov laj thawj ntawm cov teeb meem no kuj muaj ntau yam, thiab kev tshuaj xyuas ua ntej yog tsim los ntawm cov laj thawj ntawm qee qhov tsis xws luag.
duab
3.1 Sib
Pockmarks yog qhov tsis sib xws ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov hlau, tseem hu ua pitted nto, uas feem ntau yog cov nplooj ntawv txuas ntxiv, thiab qee qhov yog ib feem lossis ntu ntu. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog qhov zoo ntawm cov dov spokes yog tsis zoo thiab lub hardness ntawm nto yog txawv. Los yog poob ntawm txias txias txheej, hnav tsis sib xws, ua tiav lub qhov los yog lub hauv ntej lub qhov dov zawj hnav, corrosion los yog nplaum tawg hlau oxide, thaum lub sij hawm cua sov txheej txheem, lub slab yog oxidized heev, thiab cov ntawv hlau yog nias rau saum npoo thaum dov, thiab cov ntaub ntawv tom qab ntog tawm me me pits.
3.2 Folding thiab khawb
duab
Yog vim li cas yog tias daim ntawv qhia kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo lossis hnyav hnyav.
Lub ntug tsis du, kev teeb tsa thiab kev hloov kho ntawm cov cuab yeej qhia tsis raug, qhov siab dhau ntawm cov dov daim ua rau khawb, daim ntawv qhia lossis lub qhov qauv ua raws li cov nplai oxide thiab ua rau khawb, hauv pem teb, radial khiav, thiab Lub txaj txias ntawm qhov chaw kub dov txav hlau, Cov khoom siv hlau tig muaj cov kaum ntse ntse, thiab cov khoom dov yog khawb thaum nws dhau los, los yog cov ntsiab lus sulfur nyob rau hauv cov pa loj yog siab, thiab cov slider yog ib qho yooj yim rau nodulate, ua rau lub nto ntawm lub slab kom quav thiab khawb.
3.3 Kev suav nrog
Inclusions xa mus rau cov non-metallic inclusions nrog ib tug tej yam tob ntawm cov hlau, feem ntau faib nyob rau hauv dots, strips, los yog blocks, thiab cov xim yog tsaus liab, lub teeb daj, thiab lwm yam.
Cov laj thawj tseem ceeb yog tias cov khoom tsis yog xim hlau tau coj los rau saum npoo ntawm cov hlau ingot thiab cov billet tsis tau ntxuav thiab dov rau hauv cov hlau nto; Thaum lub sij hawm cua sov txheej txheem, cov ntaub ntawv refractory, thee tshauv thiab cinder nyob rau hauv lub cub tawg sab saum toj los yog lub cub tawg kawg poob rau saum npoo ntawm lub billet, thiab tsis tau ntxuav thiab dov mus rau hauv lub nto ntawm lub dov daim; Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov chaw nyob ib puag ncig ntawm lub tshuab dov tsis huv, thiab cov khoom tsis yog xim hlau sib xyaw rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov dov tuaj yeem tsim cov kev suav nrog.
3.4 poob lawm
duab
Cov caws pliav yog cov caws pliav zoo li cov hlau flakes ntawm cov hlau, uas tau muab faib tsis tu ncua. Cov caws pliav yog qhov sib txawv thiab qhov tob. Muaj feem ntau suav nrog hauv qab nti.
Yog vim li cas rau caws pliav yog tias kev ua haujlwm tsis raug thaum casting steel ingots ua rau tawg los yog txaws molten hlau los lo rau hauv pwm phab ntsa, thiab tom qab oxidized, lo rau saum npoo ntawm cov hlau ingot, tsim cov caws pliav ntawm qhov chaw tom qab dov, los yog vim yog oxidized. lub xub ntiag ntawm pwm sticking, convexity nyob rau saum npoo ntawm steel ingot. Cov kev tsis xws luag xws li bales, textures, tawv tawv los yog flipped daim tawv nqaij yuav tsim muaj caws pliav thaum dov. Thaum lub sij hawm dov, nto fins txuas rau saum npoo ntawm daim dov vim yog khawb hauv ib qho kev dhau los ua ntej lub qhov tiav, los yog dov grooves Lub nto yog hnyav hnyav, thiab caws pliav yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev rov dov, qee qhov tshwm sim. los ntawm kev ntxuav tsis huv ntawm "hmoov" ntawm slab.
duab
3.5 crack
Muaj cov kab nrib pleb ntev, kab nrib pleb thiab lub hnub qub tawg. Los ntawm cov hlau hla ntu, cov kab nrib pleb muaj cov hauv paus hniav ntse, muaj qee qhov tob thiab nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw, thiab muaj cov decarburization loj thiab tsis yog xim hlau inclusions nyob ib ncig ntawm lawv.
Yog vim li cas yog tias lub thickness ntawm lub plhaub tseem ceeb yog tsis sib xws, qhov kev ntxhov siab concentration yog concentrated nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas lub plhaub yog nyias, los yog thermal stress tshwm sim los ntawm qhov kub ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm sab hauv thiab sab nraud ntawm lub plhaub, lub hydrostatic siab resists. qhov kev nyuaj siab ntawm lub solidification thiab shrinkage ntawm lub plhaub raws li cov thickness kev taw qhia, thiab lwm yam, thaum Cracks tshwm sim thaum lub siab tshaj lub tensile lub zog ntawm lub plhaub.
duab
3.6 sab waves
Qhov tsis sib xws lateral thickness ntawm cov slab ua rau sib txawv elongation ntawm txhua qhov taw tes hauv cov kev taw qhia sab nraud thaum dov; qhov tsis zoo sib xws ntawm cvc spokes ua rau qhov tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm cov txheeb ze txo tus nqi nyob rau sab nraud ntawm lub dov daim.
3.7 Kev sib xyaw ua ke tshaj tus qauv
Thaum lub sij hawm smelting thiab refining, muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm molten steel tsis nruj me ntsis tswj raws li cov txheej txheem kev thiab kev pom zoo tej yam kev mob uas yuav tsum tau los ntawm daim ntawv cog lus, los yog cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm molten steel hloov vim lub sij hawm ntev pouring ntau. Qhov no muaj ntau yam ua rau cov txheej txheem pouring, theem ua haujlwm thiab cov khoom siv raws li txoj cai.
3. 8 Qhov dav tsis sib xws
Lub khoos phis tawj tswj hwm tsis ua haujlwm, thiab qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov hloov pauv hloov pauv; lub looper los yog coiling nro yog tsis tsim nyog los yog fluctuates heev; lub slab loj sib txawv yog loj; ntsug hais sab siab tsis tsim nyog; cov txheej txheem dov tsis tsim nyog.
Qhov ua rau ntawm lwm yam tsis xws luag tsis tau txheeb xyuas ib qho los ntawm ib qho ntawm no.
4 Kev ntsuas los tiv thaiv qhov tsis xws luag ntawm cov ntawv kub dov steel
Nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm kub dov ntau lawm, qhov tshwm sim ntawm steel phaj tsis xws luag yog ib qho teeb meem uas yuav zam tsis tau. Tom qab nrhiav tau qhov ua rau ntawm qhov tsis xws luag, yuav ua li cas kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tsis xws luag yog qhov tseem ceeb heev.
4.1 Sib
Vim muaj ntau yam ua rau pitting, kev ntsuas los tiv thaiv thiab tshem tawm pitting kuj txawv:
4.1.1 Thaum hloov lub spokes, ua tib zoo xyuas cov chais, thiab tsis txhob siv cov corroded hnyav heev;
4. 1.2 Hloov cov khoom hnav lossis cov duab hauv lub sijhawm;
4. 1.3 Txhim kho cov khoom ntawm cov dov spokes, txhim kho qhov hnav tsis kam, ua kom cov yob yob zoo txias, siv cov txheej txheem kub dov lubricants, txo qhov hnav thiab txhim kho qhov hnav tsis kam ntawm cov yob yob;
4. 1.4 Tswj cov cua kub ntawm cov khoom kom tswj tau qhov zoo ntawm lub qhov cub thiab txo cov roj oxidizing. Rau qee cov hlau hlau uas yooj yim rau oxidize thiab oxide nplai tsis yooj yim rau poob, ib daim ntawv hlau yuav tsum tau them rau saum npoo ntawm cov khoom nruj los tiv thaiv cua sov;
4.1.5 Siv cov dej kub siab thiab cov cua compressed kom tshem tawm cov hlau oxide nplai ntawm cov khoom dov ua ntej dov los yog thaum lub sij hawm dov.
4.2 Folding thiab khawb
Kev ntsuas los tiv thaiv folding thiab khawb yog:
4.2.1 Cov ntawv qhia ua tiav yuav tsum ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua thiab muaj cov npoo du;
4.2.2 Kho cov cuab yeej qhia kom raug;
4.2.3 Tshem tawm cov kaum ntse ntse ntawm txoj kev radial, lub hau npog sab saud ntawm txoj kev nplhaib, thiab cov khoom siv hlau txav thiab tig;
4.2.4 Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xyuas qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm txoj kev thauj mus los thiab kev daws teeb meem hauv lub sijhawm.
4.3 Scarring
duab
Kev tiv thaiv thiab tshem tawm caws pliav muaj xws li:
4.3.1 Txhim kho ingot casting thiab tag nrho cov pwm lag luam lossis kev ua haujlwm nruam nruam los txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm cov hlau ingot;
4.3.2 Txhim khu kev soj ntsuam zoo ntawm steel ingots thiab blanks, thiab steel blanks nrog scab defects yuav tsum muab tso rau hauv ntau lawm tom qab ntxuav;
4.3.3 nruj me ntsis ua cov qhab nia ua haujlwm ntawm cov dov spokes, thiab hloov cov ntawv qhia hnyav hnyav thiab dov grooves hauv lub sijhawm kom tsis txhob khawb ntawm cov dov daim.
4.4 Sib
Kev ntsuas los tiv thaiv cov kab nrib pleb muaj xws li:
4.4.1 Txhim kho cov metallurgical zoo ntawm steelmaking thiab nruam casting, txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm qhov nruam casting slabs, nruj me ntsis soj ntsuam, thiab tsis tsim nyog slabs yuav tsis muab tso rau hauv ntau lawm;
4.4.2 nruj me ntsis tswj cov cua kub kub;
4.
4, 4.4 Tsim nyog tswj cov cua txias tom qab dov los ua kom cov khoom dov txias sib npaug.
duab
4.5 ntauwd puab
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tsis tu ncua xyuas thiab hloov daim ntawv qhia sab; optimize cov txheej txheem coiling.
4.6 Kaw
Txo qhov ntev ntawm txoj kab ncaj nraim kom ntau li ntau tau; tsim nyog txo qhov coiling kub; khaws cov hlau kauj kom tsim nyog.
4.7 Checkered phaj siab tsis txaus
nruj me ntsis kos qauv spokes, nce dov siab, thiab hloov spokes nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm.
Cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom kub-kuav los tiag steel thiab sawb cov khoom yog qhov nyuaj, thiab nws yog qhov nyuaj heev los tswj cov khoom tsis xws luag hauv cov txheej txheem no, yog li nws xav tau kev siv tshuab zoo dua thiab kev paub ntau ntxiv los maj mam txhim kho.
5 Kev xaus
duab
Kev faib tawm ntawm cov hlau phaj tsis xws luag yog kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab nruj, uas yuav tsum tsis tsuas yog hwm cov txheej txheem kev faib tawm ib txwm muaj, tab sis kuj ua raws li cov ntsiab lus uas twb muaj lawm ntawm cov qauv tsim.
Daim ntawv no qhia txog qhov tsis xws luag ntawm cov ntawv kub dov steel, tshuaj xyuas qhov ua rau ntawm qee qhov tsis xws luag, thiab qhia txog txoj hauv kev los tiv thaiv qee qhov tsis xws luag. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog kev nce zuj zus ntawm cov hlau hom thiab maj mam sib txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem ntau lawm, qhov tsis xws luag thiab hloov morphological tseem yuav tshwm sim. Qhov teeb meem no tseem xav tau kev tshawb fawb thiab kev sib tham ntxiv.
