Hauv kev txiav hlau, muaj cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm. Cov khoom sib txawv muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm kev txiav thiab tshem tawm cov yam ntxwv. Peb yuav ua li cas thiaj paub cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom sib txawv? ISO txheem hlau cov ntaub ntawv tau muab faib ua 6 hom sib txawv, txhua hom muaj cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm, thiab tsab xov xwm no yuav qhia lawv cais.
Cov khoom siv hlau tau muab faib ua 6 pawg:
(1) P-steel
(2) M-stainless hlau
(3) K-cam khwb cia hlau
(4) N-Nonferrous hlau
(5) S-heat-resistant alloy
(6) H-hardened hlau
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↑↑ Txiav cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom sib txawv↑↑
01-P steel
Steel yog dab tsi?
- Hlau yog cov khoom siv loj tshaj plaws hauv kev txiav hlau.
- Hlau tuaj yeem yog cov hlau tsis muaj zog lossis quenched thiab tempered steel (hardness txog 400HB).
- Hlau yog ib qho alloy nrog lub ntsiab hlau (Fe) ua nws cov khoom tseem ceeb. Nws yog tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem smelting.
- Cov ntsiab lus carbon ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj hlau yog tsawg dua 0.8%, tsuas yog Fe thiab tsis muaj lwm yam alloying.
- Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau alloy yog tsawg dua 1.7%, thiab cov ntsiab lus alloying xws li Ni, Cr, Mo, V, W, thiab lwm yam.
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Cov cheeb tsam ntawm daim ntawv thov: Tsis pub dhau qhov kev txiav hlau, pab pawg P yog cov khoom siv loj tshaj plaws, raws li nws npog ntau qhov chaw sib txawv.
Cov ntaub ntawv feem ntau yog cov ntaub ntawv ntev-chip uas tsim tas mus li, kuj zoo ib yam chips. Cov qauv nti tshwj xeeb feem ntau yog nyob ntawm cov ntsiab lus carbon.
- Cov ntsiab lus carbon tsawg=tawv, nplaum.
- Cov ntsiab lus carbon siab=cov khoom tawg yooj yim.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua:
- Cov ntaub ntawv ntev-chip.
- Chip tswj yog qhov yooj yim thiab du.
- Cov hlau me me yog nplaum thiab xav tau kev txiav ntug.
- Chav txiav quab yuam kc: 1500 ~ 3100 N / mm²
- Lub zog txiav thiab lub zog xav tau rau kev ua cov ntaub ntawv ISO P yog nyob rau hauv qhov txwv.
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02-M stainless hlau
Stainless hlau yog dab tsi?
- Stainless hlau yog cov khoom siv alloy nrog tsawg kawg 11% ~ 12% chromium.
- Cov ntsiab lus carbon feem ntau yog tsawg heev (tsawg li 0.01% siab tshaj).
- Cov alloys tseem ceeb yog Ni (nickel), Mo (molybdenum) thiab Ti (titanium).
- Ua ib txheej tuab ntawm Cr2O3 ntawm cov hlau, ua rau nws tiv taus corrosion.
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Cov cheeb tsam ntawm daim ntawv thov: Hauv pab pawg M, feem ntau cov ntawv thov yog cov roj thiab roj, cov yeeb nkab fittings, flanges, txheej txheem kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam tshuaj.
Chip Shape: Cov ntaub ntawv tsis sib xws, flaky chips uas tso cai rau kev txiav ntau dua li cov hlau zoo tib yam. Muaj ntau ntau hom stainless hlau. Chip tawg kev ua tau zoo (los ntawm qhov yooj yim mus rau ze li tsis yooj yim sua) nws txawv nyob ntawm cov khoom siv hlau thiab kev kho cua sov.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua:
- Cov ntaub ntawv ntev-chip.
- Chip tswj yog tus du hauv ferrite thiab nyuaj dua hauv austenite thiab duplex.
- Unit txiav quab yuam: 1800 ~ 2850 N / mm²
- Siab txiav quab yuam, ua-up ntug, tshav kub thiab ua hauj lwm hardening thaum lub sij hawm machining.
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03-K cam khwb cia hlau
Cam khwb cia hlau yog dab tsi?
- Muaj 3 yam tseem ceeb ntawm cam khwb cia hlau: grey cam khwb cia hlau (GCI), ductile hlau (NCI) thiab compacted graphite hlau (CGI).
- cam khwb cia hlau yog tsim los ntawm Fe-C thiab muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm silicon (1% ~ 3%).
- Cov ntsiab lus carbon ntau tshaj 2%, uas yog qhov siab tshaj plaws solubility ntawm C hauv austenite theem.
- Cr (chromium), Mo (molybdenum) thiab V (vanadium) yog ntxiv rau daim ntawv carbides, uas ua rau kom muaj zog thiab hardness tab sis txo machinability.
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Daim ntawv thov teb: Pawg K feem ntau yog siv rau hauv tsheb qhov chaw, tshuab tsim thiab kev lag luam hlau.
Chip Shape: Cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv hauv cov duab nti, los ntawm ze li ntawm cov hmoov nplej mus rau cov chips ntev. Lub zog xav tau los ua cov khoom siv no feem ntau yog me me.
* Ceebtoom: Muaj qhov sib txawv loj ntawm grey cam khwb cia hlau (feem ntau cov chips yog yuav luag hmoov) thiab ductile hlau, nti tawg ntawm lub tom kawg yog feem ntau zoo ib yam li hlau.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua:
- Cov ntaub ntawv luv luv.
- Kev tswj chip zoo hauv txhua qhov kev ua haujlwm.
- Unit txiav quab yuam: 790 ~ 1350 N / mm²
- Machining ntawm qhov nrawm dua ua rau hnav hnav.
- Nruab nrab txiav quab yuam.
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04-N nonferrous hlau
Dab tsi yog cov khoom siv hlau tsis yog hlau?
- Cov pawg no suav nrog cov hlau tsis muaj hlau, cov hlau mos nrog lub hardness qis dua 130 HB.
- Cov hlau tsis-ferrous (Al) alloys muaj ze li ntawm 22% silicon (Si) tsim qhov loj tshaj plaws.
- tooj liab, tooj dag, tooj dag.
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Daim ntawv thov teb: Aircraft manufacturing thiab aluminium alloy tsheb log manufacturers tuav ib txoj hauj lwm loj hauv Group N.
Txawm hais tias lub zog xav tau ib lub cubic inch yog qhov tsawg, kom tau txais cov nqi tshem tawm cov hlau siab, nws tseem tsim nyog los xam lub zog siab tshaj plaws.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua:
- Cov ntaub ntawv ntev-chip.
- Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm alloys, nti tswj yog kuj yooj yim.
- Cov hlau tsis-ferrous (Al) yog cov nplaum thiab yuav tsum tau siv cov ntse txiav.
- Unit txiav quab yuam: 350 ~ 700 N / mm²
- Lub zog txiav thiab lub zog xav tau los ua cov ntaub ntawv ISO N yog nyob rau hauv qhov txwv.
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05-S tshav kub-resistant alloy
Thaum tshav kub kub-resistant alloy yog dab tsi?
- Thaum tshav kub kub-resistant alloys (HRSA) suav nrog ntau cov hlau alloy siab, npib tsib xee, cobalt lossis titanium-based cov ntaub ntawv.
Pab pawg: Hlau-based, Nickel-based, Cobalt-based
Ua hauj lwm tej yam kev mob: annealing, tov tshav kub kho, laus kho, dov, forging, casting.
Cov khoom siv: Cov ntsiab lus alloy siab dua (cobalt dua npib tsib xee) ua kom cov cua sov zoo dua, muaj zog tensile ntau dua thiab siab dua corrosion.
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Daim ntawv thov thaj chaw: Pawg S cov ntaub ntawv uas nyuaj rau txheej txheem yog tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv aerospace, gas turbine thiab generator industries.
Qhov ntau yog dav, tab sis siab txiav quab yuam feem ntau yog tam sim no.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua:
- Cov ntaub ntawv ntev-chip.
- Nyuaj hauv nti tswj (jagged chips).
- Lub kaum sab xis tsis zoo yog xav tau rau cov ceramics thiab lub kaum sab xis zoo yog xav tau rau carbide.
- Unit txiav quab yuam:
Rau tshav kub-resistant alloys: 2400 ~ 3100 N / mm²
Rau titanium alloy: 1300 ~ 1400 N / mm²
- Yuav tsum muaj kev txiav txim siab thiab lub zog.
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06-H hardened steel
Dab tsi yog hardened steel?
- Los ntawm kev xaav machining, hardened steels yog pawg tsawg tshaj plaws.
- This group includes quenched and tempered steels with hardness >45 ~ 65 HRC.
- Feem ntau, qhov hardness ntau yam ntawm qhov nyuaj yog tig yog feem ntau ntawm 55 ~ 68 HRC.
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Cov cheeb tsam ntawm daim ntawv thov: Hardened steels nyob rau hauv pab pawg H yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev lag luam, xws li kev lag luam automotive thiab nws cov subcontractors, nrog rau lub tshuab tsim thiab cov pwm lag luam.
Chip puab: feem ntau txuas ntxiv, liab-kub chips. Qhov kub siab no pab txo qis kc1 qhov tseem ceeb, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb los pab daws cov teeb meem ntawm daim ntawv thov.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua:
- Cov ntaub ntawv ntev-chip.
- txheeb ze zoo chip tswj.
- Yuav tsum muaj lub kaum sab xis tsis zoo.
Unit txiav quab yuam: 2550 ~ 4870 N / mm²
- Yuav tsum muaj kev txiav txim siab thiab lub zog.
