Dab tsi yog axis?
Lub taub hau yog ib qho kev sib hloov ntawm txhua lub tshuab, muaj lub voj voog hla ntu, siv los xa lub zog ntawm ib feem mus rau lwm qhov lossis los ntawm lub tshuab tsim hluav taws xob mus rau lub tshuab nqus hluav taws xob. Txhawm rau xa hluav taws xob, ib qho kawg ntawm tus ncej txuas nrog lub zog hluav taws xob thiab lwm qhov kawg yog txuas nrog lub tshuab. Cov ncej tuaj yeem ua tau zoo lossis hollow raws li qhov xav tau, nrog cov hollow shafts pab txo qhov hnyav thiab muab qhov zoo.
Kev piav qhia dav dav ntawm axis
Ncej yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tshuab. Lawv yog siv los txhawb kev sib hloov qhov chaw xws li pulleys thiab gears. Lawv tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm cov bearings nyob rau hauv lub tshuab nruj nreem casing. Gears thiab pulleys nyob rau ntawm lub shafts pab xa cov lus tsa suab.
Muaj ntau lwm yam rotating ntsiab yog keyed rau ntawm ncej. Cov shafts tau raug khoov lub sijhawm thiab torsions vim yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov tswv cuab uas lawv txhawb nqa thiab lub zog torque tsim los ntawm kev sib kis ntawm lub zog.
Lub taub hau ib txwm muaj ib qho kev sib tw thiab tuaj yeem ua hollow lossis khoom. Cov ncej tuaj yeem raug cais raws li crankshafts, linear shafts, articulated shafts lossis hloov tau yooj yim, tab sis linear shafts feem ntau yog siv los xa lub zog.
Cov ncej feem ntau yog tsim los ua cylindrical rods kom lawv muaj cov kab sib txawv thoob plaws hauv lawv qhov ntev, txawm hais tias shafts nrog ib txoj kab uas hla tsis tu ncua yog yooj yim los tsim.
Qhov loj ntawm kev ntxhov siab nyob rau hauv ib kauj ruam ncej txawv nrog nws qhov ntev. Shafts nrog ib txoj kab uas hla tsis haum rau disassembly, sib dhos, txij nkawm, thiab cov shafts tsim teeb meem thaum fastening cov khoom mounted rau lawv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog bearings.
2
Hom ncej
01
kis tau tus mob
Cov shafts no yog stepped shafts siv los xa lub zog ntawm ib qhov chaw mus rau lwm lub tshuab uas nqus lub zog. Mounted rau ntawm ib feem ntawm lub iav ncej, hub los yog pulley rau kev xa cov lus tsa suab.
Piv txwv li: Nyiaj siv ua haujlwm shafts, spools, countershafts thiab tag nrho lub Hoobkas shafts.
duab
02
Mechanical axis
Cov axes no nyob rau hauv lub rooj sib txoos thiab yog ib feem ntawm lub tshuab.
Piv txwv: Lub crankshaft hauv lub cav tsheb yog lub tshuab ncej.
duab
03
axle ncej
Cov shafts txhawb rotating ntsiab, xws li lub log, uas tej zaum yuav mounted nyob rau hauv vaj tse nrog bearings, tab sis lub shafts yog tsis-rotating ntsiab. Cov no feem ntau yog siv hauv tsheb.
Piv txwv li: axles hauv tsheb.
duab
04
Spindle
Cov no yog cov rotating qhov chaw ntawm lub tshuab uas tsev cov cuab yeej los yog chaw ua hauj lwm. Lawv yog luv shafts siv nyob rau hauv tshuab.
Piv txwv li: Spindle hauv lub tshuab dhos.
duab
3
Cov khoom siv ncej
Feem ntau me ntsis steel yog cov khoom siv rau shafts. Yog tias xav tau lub zog siab, cov hlau alloy xws li nickel-chromium, nickel, thiab chromium-vanadium steel yog siv. Lawv yog tsim los ntawm kub dov thiab txias daim duab thiab sib tsoo. Cov khoom siv feem ntau yog siv rau cov pa roj carbon steel 50C12, 50C4, 45C8, 40C8 qib carbon steel.
Cov khoom siv rau cov ncej yuav tsum muaj cov khoom nram qab no:
Cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum muaj lub zog siab;
Cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum muaj kev hnav tsis kam;
Cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum muaj kev kho cua sov;
Cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum muaj cov cuab yeej zoo;
Cov khoom siv yuav tsum muaj qhov qis qis rhiab heev.
4
Standard loj ntawm ncej
Mechanical axis
Txog li 25 hli hauv cov kauj ruam ntawm 0.5 hli.
kis tau tus mob
Standard loj ntawm ncej - kauj ruam ntev;
25mm txog 60mm-5mm kauj ruam ntev;
60mm txog 100mm-10mm kauj ruam ntev;
110mm txog 140mm-15mm kauj ruam ntev;
140mm txog 500mm - 20mm cov kauj ruam.
Tshuab axes muaj nyob rau hauv cov qauv loj txog li 25 hli hauv cov kauj ruam ntawm 5 hli. Rau shafts, tus qauv ntev yog 5m, 6m thiab 7m, tab sis feem ntau siv 1m mus rau 2m.
5
stress nyob rau hauv ncej
Qhov kev nyuab siab induced nyob rau hauv ncej yog:
shear kev nyuaj siab vim kev sib kis torque (torque vim torsional loading);
Khoov kev nyuaj siab, uas yog compressive los yog tensile nyob rau hauv cov xwm, vim muaj zog ua hauj lwm ntawm txhua yam khoom xws li pulleys thiab gears thiab lub luj ntawm tus ncej;
Combined stresses tshwm sim los ntawm dabtsi yog khoov thiab torsional loads.
Qhov siab tshaj plaws pub shear stress ntawm tsim kev nyuaj siab yog:
1. Cov ncej yog 56000kN / m2, thiab muaj chaw rau txoj kev tseem ceeb.
2. Cov ncej yog 42000kN / m2 tsis muaj keyway pub.
Qhov siab tshaj plaws tso cai rau bending stress yog:
1. Cov ncej yog 112000kN / m2, thiab muaj chaw rau txoj kev tseem ceeb.
2. Cov ncej yog 84000kN / m2 tsis muaj keyway pub.
6
Ncej manufacturing
Cov ncej yog tsim los siv cov txheej txheem kub dov. Lub zog ntawm cov ncej yog siab dua thaum txias dov piv rau kub dov, tab sis txias dov ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau ntxiv uas ua rau cov ncej deform thaum ua haujlwm. Cov txheej txheem forging yog siv los tsim cov kab loj dua.
Tom qab dov tiav lawm, qhov kawg ntawm cov ncej yog ua tiav, ib qho kawg ntawm cov ncej yog mounted rau ntawm lub tshuab soj ntsuam, thiab lwm yam kawg ntawm lub ncej yog txhawb los ntawm lub turret ntawm lub tshuab dhos. Txhawm rau ua kom tiav cov ncej, lub cuab yeej tuav nyob rau hauv qhov chaw los ntawm lub cuab yeej, thiab thaum lub hwj chim qhib, lub chuck pib tig lub ncej.
Dial indicators yog siv los xyuas qhov concentricity ntawm lub ncej ua ntej machining thiab ua ntau yam haujlwm xws li tig, tig, grooving, thiab taper tig nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj. High-volume, CNC thiab lwm yam kev siv yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau cov txheej txheem machining kawg. Nws tseem tuaj yeem ua tshuab nrog CNC ob-kawg tshuab nrog lub axis clamped ntawm lub cuab yeej kev sib hloov thiab lub fixture.
Yuav kom ua tiav concentricity thiab roundness, rotating cov cuab yeej yuav tsum fim ib leeg ntawm cov kab nruab nrab. Tsav shafts thiab motors feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem no.
7
Ncej tsav
Peb paub tias cov ncej yog siv rau kev xa hluav taws xob, yog li cov qauv siv los xam cov xaim hluav taws xob yog: P=2πnT/60. Ntawm lawv, P yog kis tau tus mob (W); n yog lub kiv puag ncig ib feeb (rpm); T yog lub zog torque hauv Nm.
Ceev ntawm axes rau ntau yam kev siv:
1. Machinery: 100 ~ 200;
2. Woodworking machinery: 250 ~ 700;
3. Textile kev lag luam: 300 ~ 800;
4. Lub teeb machinery Rhiav: 150 ~ 300;
5. Pab txhawb nqa: 200 ~ 600.
8
Ncej tsim
Shafts tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm ob txoj kev sib txawv raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm kev txiav txim siab:
1. Lub zog-raws li tus ncej tsim Tsav shafts feem ntau cuam tshuam rau lub sijhawm khoov, lub zog, axial rub, thiab sib xyaw ua ke. Feem ntau, bearings yog loaded nrog ib tug ua ke ntawm torsional thiab dabtsi yog khoov stresses.
Bearing tensile kev nyuaj siab:
Tensile stress=P/A
Ntawm lawv, A=(π/4)xD2, D yog txoj kab uas hla ntawm tus ncej hauv mm.
Bearing dabtsi yog khoov lub sijhawm:
Bending stress=(MbxY)/I
Ntawm lawv, Mb=bending moment; Y=D/2, qhov twg D yog txoj kab uas hla; I=moment of inertia=(πxD4)/64
Cov kabmob torque:
Torsional stress=MtxR/J
Ntawm lawv, Mt=twisting moment; R=D/2, qhov twg D yog txoj kab uas hla; J=polar moment of inertia=(πxD4)/32
2. ncej tsim raws li rigidity
Lub driveshaft tau hais kom nruj raws li qhov torsional nruj yog tias lub ncej tsis twist ntau dhau.
{Mt/J}={(Gxθ)/L}
Ntawm lawv, Mt=torque mm hauv N; J=polar moment of inertia=(πxD4)/32; D=txoj kab uas hla ntawm ncej (mm); θ=lub kaum sab xis; G=nruj modulus N/mm2.
9
Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm Shafts
Qhov zoo ntawm ncej
Lawv tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam;
Lawv xav tau kev saib xyuas tsawg dua li cov tshuab saw hlau;
Lawv muaj zog torsional siab;
Lawv muaj siab polar lub sij hawm ntawm inertia muaj nuj nqis;
Lawv muaj zog heev thiab tsis zoo li yuav poob;
Lub puab puab ntawm hollow shafts yog hollow, yog li lawv xav tau cov khoom siv tsawg;
Rau tib tus nqi kis tau tus mob torque, lub hollow ncej yog sib dua nyob rau hauv qhov hnyav tshaj ib tug khoom ncej;
Lawv muaj lub vojvoog siab heev ntawm gyration.
Ncej Disadvantages
Lawv muaj zog poob vim xoob coupling;
Lawv vibrate thaum lawv tig;
Lawv ua suab nrov tas li;
Cov nqi tsim khoom thiab kev saib xyuas ntau dua;
Yooj yim rau kev tsim khoom;
Hloov qhov ceev ntawm ib qho axis tsis yooj yim;
Ntev downtime vim muaj teeb meem mechanical;
Cov roj tee rau ntawm lub taub hau;
Kev siv cov elastomeric couplings (xws li nplooj nplooj hlav couplings) tuaj yeem ua rau poob nrawm ntawm cov ncej;
Yog tias lub tog raj tsis ua haujlwm, nws yuav siv sijhawm ntau los kho.
