Kev kho tempereming: lub tshav kub kho txoj kev kub ntawm qhov kub kub tempering tom qab quenching yog hu ua tempering kev kho mob. Kev kub siab rau yog hais txog kev npau taws ntawm 500-650 degree. Tempering tuaj yeem kho cov kev ua tau zoo thiab cov khoom siv hlau rau ib qho zoo. Nws lub zog, cov yas thiab tawv yog qhov zoo, thiab nws muaj cov khoom siv neeg kho zoo.
Tom qab kev kho tempering, tempered sorbite tau txais. Tempered sorbite yog tsim los ntawm martensite thaum temperinging. Nws tsuas yog sib txawv los ntawm kev tshaj tawm ntawm 500 ~ 600 zaug lossis ntau dua nyob rau hauv lub tsom iav kho qhov muag. Nws yog cov qauv sib xyaw nrog carbide (suav nrog kev ua kom xis mas) spherules faib nyob rau hauv lub ferrite matrix. Nws tseem yog tus qauv tempered ntawm martensite, uas yog kev sib xyaw ntawm ferrite thiab granular carbide. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, cov ferrite yeej tsis muaj cov roj hmab supersaturation, thiab lub carbide tseem yog carbide ruaj khov. Nws yog cov qauv sib npaug ntawm cov tsev sov.
Muaj ob hom loj ntawm tempered steel: carbon tempered steel thiab alloy tempered steel. Seb nws yog cov hlau steel los yog alloy hlau, nws cov ntsiab lus carbon yog nruj me ntsis. Yog tias cov ntsiab lus carbon ntau dhau, lub zog ntawm lub workpiece tom qab quenching thiab tempering yog siab, tab sis cov tawv tsis txaus. Yog tias cov ntsiab lus carbon yog tsawg dhau, qhov nyuaj tau txhim kho tab sis lub zog tsis txaus. Txhawm rau kom tau txais kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov quenched thiab tempered ntu, cov pa roj carbon cov ntsiab lus feem ntau tswj tau ntawm 0.30 ~ 0.50%.
Thaum lub sij hawm quenching thiab tempering, tag nrho cov cross seem ntawm cov workpiece yuav tsum tau quenched los ntawm zoo recinated los ntawm cov koob micros {{} zoo li lub martens. Los ntawm kev kub siab - kub txias, ib micrubtructure los ntawm cov khoom siv kub los ntawm cov khaub ncaws txias troostite tau txais. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua rau lub Hoobkas me me los ua kev ntsuas ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob rau txhua qhov cub. Feem ntau, tsuas yog kev sim ua kom lub hardness xwb. That is to say, the hardness after quenching must reach the quenching hardness of the material, and the hardness after tempering is checked according to the requirements of the drawing.
Quenching thiab tempering ntawm 45 steel
45 hlau yog ib nrab -} kev ua haujlwm steel nrog kev ua kom zoo, tus nqi kub thiab dav siv. Nws qhov tsis muaj zog loj tshaj plaws yog cov khoom tsis muaj zog, thiab nws tsis haum rau cov haujlwm uas muaj cov khaub lig loj- ntu qhov ntev thiab qhov ntsuas tau zoo.
Lub quenching kub ntawm 45 steel yog 3+ (30 ~ 50) degree. Hauv kev ua haujlwm tiag tiag, cov kev txwv sab sauv feem ntau tau noj. Ib qho kub siab quenching kub tuaj yeem ua kom sov sov ntawm lub workpiece, txo qis nteg ntom nti, thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm. Txhawm rau ua kom cov Austenite ntawm cov khaub ncaws ua haujlwm, yuav tsum tau muaj sijhawm rwb kom txaus. Yog tias lub qhov cub hluav taws xob tiag tiag yog qhov loj, lub sijhawm rwb thaiv tsev yuav tsum tau txuas ntxiv. Txwv tsis pub, lub hardness yuav tsis txaus ntseeg vim yog cua sov tsis sib xws. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias lub sijhawm rwb thaiv tsev ntev dhau lawm, tseem yuav muaj cov noob tawv heev thiab oxidation loj thiab decarburization, uas yuav cuam tshuam rau kev quenching zoo. Peb ntseeg tias yog tias lub chaw tsim cua sov yog ntau dua li cov kev cai ntawm cov txheej txheem cov ntaub ntawv, cov cua sov thiab lub sijhawm rwb thaiv tsev yuav tsum tau txuas ntxiv los ntawm 1/5.
Vim tias cov khoom siv tsis muaj zog ntawm 45 hlau yog tsawg, ib 10% brine daws nrog tus nqi txias siab yuav tsum tau siv. Tom qab workpiece nkag mus rau hauv dej, nws yuav tsum yog qhov nyuaj, tab sis tsis txias. Yog tias tus ua haujlwm txias txias hauv dej ntsev, nws yuav ua rau cov haujlwm ua haujlwm kom tawg. Qhov no yog vim thaum lub workpiece txias rau txog 180 degree, Austenite tau hloov pauv sai sai rau hauv martensite, ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau yam. Yog li ntawd, thaum lub quenched workpiece tau txias rau qhov kub thiab txias, ib txoj kev txias txias yuav tsum tau saws. Txij li thaum lub pas dej kub yog qhov nyuaj rau tsuab, nws yuav tsum tau ua raws li kev paub. Thaum lub workpiece nyob rau hauv cov nres nres, dej tuaj yeem tso tawm rau cua txias (roj txias yog qhov zoo dua). Ib qho ntxiv, lub workpiece yuav tsum txav dua li qub thaum nkag mus rau hauv dej, thiab yuav tsum txav mus los tsis tu ncua raws li cov duab geometric ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm. Lub zoo li qub txias nruab nrab ntxiv rau lub zog ua haujlwm zoo li qub yuav ua rau muaj kev nyuaj siab tsis sib xws thiab kev ntxhov siab tsis sib xws, uas yuav ua rau muaj kev tawg. Lub hardness ntawm 45 steel quenched thiab tempered ntu tom qab quenching yuav tsum ncav cuag HRC56 ~ 59. Qhov ua tau ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig loj- Ntu yog qis dua, tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem qis dua HRC48. Txwv tsis pub, nws txhais tau hais tias cov workpiece tsis tau quenched, thiab sorbite lossis txawm ferrite yuav tshwm sim hauv lub koom haum. Lub koom haum no tseem tau tuav hauv matrix los ntawm kev npau taws, thiab lub hom phiaj ntawm quenching thiab tempering tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav.
Lub siab - kub ntawm 45 steel tom qab quenching feem ntau yog 560 ~ kev xav tau yog HRC22 ~ 34. Vim tias lub hom phiaj ntawm quenching thiab tempering yog kom tau txais cov khoom siv neeg kho tshuab, qhov nyuaj ntau yog dav. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias cov duab kos muaj cov kev tsim tawv tawv, qhov ntsuas kub yuav tsum tau hloov kho raws li cov duab kos kom paub meej hardness. Piv txwv li, qee cov ncej sab xav kom muaj lub zog siab thiab kev ua tau zoo; Thaum qee lub zog thiab cov khawb qhov chaw uas yuav tsum tau ua kom hnyav dua vim tias lawv yuav tsum tau milled thiab ntxig tom qab quenching thiab tempering. Hais txog lub sijhawm tempering thiab tuav lub sijhawm, nws nyob ntawm lub hardness uas yuav tsum tau thiab qhov loj ntawm lub workpiece. Peb ntseeg tias lub hardness tom qab tempering nyob ntawm qhov kub npau taws thiab muaj me ntsis ua nrog lub sijhawm tempering. Feem ntau, lub taub cev sov thiab tuav lub sij hawm ntawm workpiece ib txwm tshaj ib teev.
