Ib tus nees zoo xav tau lub eeb zoo, thiab siv cov cuab yeej CNC ua haujlwm siab heev. Yog tias cov cuab yeej siv tsis raug, nws yuav tsis muaj txiaj ntsig! Kev xaiv cov cuab yeej tsim nyog muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau lub neej ntawm cov cuab yeej, kev ua haujlwm zoo, kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab cov nqi ua haujlwm. Kab lus no muab cov khoom qhuav txog riam kev paub, bookmark thiab rau pem hauv ntej, cia peb kawm ua ke.
01
Cov khoom siv cuab yeej yuav tsum muaj cov yam ntxwv yooj yim
Kev xaiv cov khoom siv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub neej ntawm cov cuab yeej, kev ua haujlwm zoo, kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab cov nqi ua haujlwm. Thaum lub cuab yeej txiav, nws yuav tsum dais cov teebmeem ntawm kev kub siab, kub siab, kev sib txhuam, kev poob siab thiab kev co. Yog li ntawd, cov cuab yeej siv yuav tsum muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:
(1) Hardness thiab hnav tsis kam. Lub hardness ntawm cov cuab yeej siv yuav tsum siab tshaj ntawm cov khoom siv ua haujlwm, feem ntau siab dua 60HRC. Qhov nyuaj ntawm cov khoom siv, qhov zoo dua qhov hnav tsis kam.
(2) Lub zog thiab toughness. Cov cuab yeej siv yuav tsum muaj lub zog siab thiab tawv kom tiv taus kev txiav quab yuam, kev poob siab thiab kev vibrations, thiab tiv thaiv kev tawg thiab tawg ntawm cov cuab yeej.
(3) Thaum tshav kub kub tsis kam. Lub tshav kub tsis kam ntawm cov cuab yeej siv tau zoo dua, nws tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias, thiab nws muaj kev tiv thaiv oxidation zoo.
(4) Cov txheej txheem kev ua tau zoo thiab kev lag luam. Cov cuab yeej siv yuav tsum muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo forging, kev kho cua sov, kev ua haujlwm vuam, kev sib tsoo, thiab lwm yam, thiab yuav tsum ua raws li kev ua tau zoo-tus nqi piv.
02
Hom, khoom, yam ntxwv thiab kev siv ntawm cov khoom siv txiav
1. Cov khoom siv pob zeb diamond
Pob zeb diamond yog ib qho allotrope ntawm cov pa roj carbon, cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj tshaj plaws puas tau pom hauv qhov xwm txheej. Pob zeb diamond cov cuab yeej muaj siab hardness, siab hnav tsis kam thiab siab thermal conductivity, thiab yog dav siv nyob rau hauv kev ua cov hlau tsis-ferrous thiab cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis yog-hlau. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv high-ceev txiav ntawm aluminium thiab silicon-aluminium alloys, pob zeb diamond cov cuab yeej yog lub ntsiab ntawm cov cuab yeej txiav uas nyuaj los hloov. Cov cuab yeej pob zeb diamond uas tuaj yeem ua tiav kev ua haujlwm siab, ruaj khov, thiab lub neej ntev machining yog qhov tseem ceeb thiab cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb hauv CNC machining niaj hnub.
⑴ Cov cuab yeej pob zeb diamond
① Cov cuab yeej pob zeb diamond: Ntuj pob zeb diamond tau siv los ua cov cuab yeej txiav rau ntau pua xyoo. Lub ntuj ib leeg siv lead ua pob zeb diamond cuab yeej tau zoo hauv av, thiab txiav ntug tuaj yeem ua hauv av tsis tshua muaj neeg ntse. Lub kaum sab xis txiav tuaj yeem ncav cuag 0.002μm, uas tuaj yeem paub txog kev txiav ultra-nyias thiab tuaj yeem lees paub, zoo tagnrho thiab irreplaceable ultra-precision machining cuab yeej rau kev ua haujlwm siab heev workpiece precision thiab tsis tshua muaj nto roughness.
② PCD pob zeb diamond cuab yeej: Ntuj pob zeb diamond yog kim, thiab polycrystalline pob zeb diamond (PCD) yog siv dav hauv kev txiav. Txij li thaum xyoo 1970s, pob zeb diamond polycrystalline (Polycrystauine pob zeb diamond, PCD luv luv) tau tsim Tom qab ua tiav, cov cuab yeej pob zeb diamond ntuj tau hloov los ntawm cov pob zeb diamond polycrystalline ntau zaus. PCD raw khoom yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, thiab nws cov nqi tsuas yog ob peb feem kaum rau ib feem kaum ntawm ntuj pob zeb diamond. Cov cuab yeej PCD tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv qhov ntse heev Qhov saum npoo zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm tsis zoo li cov pob zeb diamond ntuj, thiab nws tsis yooj yim los tsim PCD cov hniav nrog cov chip tawg hauv kev lag luam. Yog li ntawd, PCD tsuas yog siv tau rau kev txiav cov hlau tsis muaj hlau thiab cov hlau tsis muaj hlau, thiab nws nyuaj rau ua tiav super Precision iav txiav.
③ CVD pob zeb diamond cov cuab yeej: Los ntawm lig 1970s mus rau thaum ntxov 1980s, CVD pob zeb diamond technology tshwm nyob rau hauv Nyiv. CVD pob zeb diamond hais txog kev sib txuas ntawm pob zeb diamond zaj duab xis ntawm heterogeneous substrates (xws li cemented carbide, ceramics, thiab lwm yam) los ntawm cov tshuaj vapor deposition (CVD). CVD pob zeb diamond muaj cov qauv zoo ib yam thiab cov yam ntxwv zoo li pob zeb diamond ntuj. Qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm CVD pob zeb diamond yog ze heev rau cov pob zeb diamond ntuj, thiab nws muaj qhov zoo ntawm ib leeg siv lead ua pob zeb diamond thiab polycrystalline pob zeb diamond (PCD), thiab kov yeej lawv qhov tsis txaus rau qee yam.
⑵ Kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov cuab yeej pob zeb diamond
① Tsis tshua muaj siab hardness thiab hnav tsis kam: Ntuj pob zeb diamond yog cov khoom hnyav tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej. Pob zeb diamond muaj qhov hnav tsis kam zoo heev. Thaum ua cov khoom siv hardness siab, lub neej ntawm cov cuab yeej pob zeb diamond yog 10 mus rau 100 npaug ntawm cov cuab yeej cemented carbide, lossis txawm ntau pua zaus.
② Tsawg coefficient ntawm kev sib txhuam: cov coefficient ntawm kev sib txhuam ntawm pob zeb diamond thiab qee cov hlau tsis muaj hlau yog qis dua li ntawm lwm cov cuab yeej, cov coefficient ntawm kev sib txhuam yog tsawg, lub deformation thaum lub sij hawm ua yog me me, thiab txiav quab yuam yuav txo tau.
③ Kev txiav ntug yog qhov ntse heev: qhov txiav ntug ntawm cov cuab yeej pob zeb diamond tuaj yeem ua kom pom tseeb, thiab cov cuab yeej siv lead ua pob zeb ntuj tuaj yeem siab li 0.002-0.008μm, uas tuaj yeem ua tau ultra- nyias txiav thiab ultra-precision machining.
④ High thermal conductivity: pob zeb diamond muaj thermal conductivity thiab thermal diffusivity, txiav cov cua sov yog yooj yim rau dissipate, thiab qhov kub ntawm qhov txiav ib feem ntawm lub cuab tam yog tsawg.
⑤ Tsawg thermal expansion coefficient: Lub thermal expansion coefficient ntawm pob zeb diamond yog ob peb zaug me dua li cov cemented carbide, thiab qhov kev hloov ntawm cov cuab yeej loj los ntawm kev txiav cov cua sov me me, uas yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau precision thiab ultra-precision machining uas yuav tsum tau siab. qhov tseeb.
⑶ Kev siv cov cuab yeej pob zeb diamond
Cov cuab yeej pob zeb diamond feem ntau yog siv rau kev txiav npluav thiab tho txawv ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj hlau thiab cov khoom tsis yog hlau ntawm kev kub ceev. Nws yog tsim rau kev ua ntau yam hnav-resistant non-metals, xws li FRP hmoov metallurgy blanks, ceramic khoom, thiab lwm yam .; ntau yam hnav-resistant non-ferrous hlau, xws li ntau yam silicon-aluminium alloys; ntau yam uas tsis yog-ferrous hlau ua tiav.
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov cuab yeej pob zeb diamond yog tias lawv muaj qhov tsis zoo thermal stability. Thaum lub txiav kub siab tshaj 700 degree mus rau 800 degree, nws yuav plam tag nrho nws hardness; Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tsis haum rau kev txiav ferrous hlau, vim hais tias pob zeb diamond (carbon) yog ib qho yooj yim rau kev sib txuas nrog hlau ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Qhov kev ua atomic hloov cov pa roj carbon atom rau hauv cov qauv graphite, thiab cov cuab yeej tau yooj yim puas.
2. Cubic boron nitride khoom siv
Cubic boron nitride (CBN), qhov thib ob superhard khoom tsim los ntawm txoj kev zoo ib yam li pob zeb diamond, tsuas yog thib ob rau pob zeb diamond hais txog hardness thiab thermal conductivity. Nws muaj thermal stability zoo heev thiab tuaj yeem ua kom sov li 10, 000 degree hauv huab cua. Oxidation tsis tshwm sim. CBN muaj cov tshuaj ruaj khov heev rau cov hlau ferrous thiab tuaj yeem siv dav hauv kev ua cov khoom steel.
⑴ Hom cubic boron nitride tej cuab yeej
Cubic boron nitride (CBN) yog ib yam khoom uas tsis muaj nyob hauv cov xwm txheej. Nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua ib qho siv lead ua thiab polycrystalline, uas yog CBN ib leeg siv lead ua thiab polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN). CBN yog ib qho ntawm cov isomers ntawm boron nitride (BN), thiab nws cov qauv zoo ib yam li pob zeb diamond.
PCBN (polycrystalline cubic boron nitride) yog cov khoom siv polycrystalline uas sinters cov khoom zoo CBN los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke (TiC, TiN, Al, Ti, thiab lwm yam) nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias. Cov khoom siv pob zeb diamond, nws thiab pob zeb diamond sib sau ua ke hu ua cov cuab yeej superhard. PCBN feem ntau yog siv los ua riam lossis lwm yam cuab yeej.
PCBN cov cuab yeej tuaj yeem muab faib ua ib qho PCBN cov hniav thiab PCBN cov hniav sib xyaw sintered nrog cemented carbide.
PCBN composite inserts yog tsim los ntawm sintering ib txheej ntawm PCBN nrog ib tug tuab ntawm {{0}}.5 mus rau 1.0mm ntawm ib tug cemented carbide nrog zoo zog thiab toughness. Nws kev ua tau zoo muaj ob qho tib si zoo toughness thiab siab hardness thiab hnav tsis kam. Cov teeb meem ntawm qhov tsis muaj zog dabtsi yog khoov thiab vuam nyuaj ntawm CBN inserts raug daws.
⑵ Cov khoom tseem ceeb thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cubic boron nitride
Txawm hais tias lub hardness ntawm cubic boron nitride yog me ntsis qis dua pob zeb diamond, nws yog ntau dua li lwm cov ntaub ntawv siab hardness. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm CBN yog tias nws cov thermal stability ntau dua li cov pob zeb diamond, uas tuaj yeem ncav cuag 1200 degree (700-800 degree rau pob zeb diamond). tshuaj tiv thaiv. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cubic boron nitride yog raws li hauv qab no.
① High hardness thiab hnav tsis kam: CBN siv lead ua qauv zoo ib yam li pob zeb diamond, thiab muaj zog zoo sib xws rau pob zeb diamond. PCBN yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim rau kev ua cov ntaub ntawv hardness uas tsuas yog hauv av ua ntej, thiab tuaj yeem tau txais qhov zoo ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm.
② Siab thermal stability: Lub tshav kub tsis kam ntawm CBN tuaj yeem ncav cuag 1400-1500 degree, uas yuav luag 1 npaug siab dua li ntawm pob zeb diamond (700-800 degree ). PCBN cov cuab yeej tuaj yeem txiav cov hlau kub kub thiab cov hlau tawv tawv ntawm qhov ceev 3 mus rau 5 npaug siab dua li cov cuab yeej cemented carbide.
③ Kev ruaj ntseg zoo heev: Nws tsis muaj tshuaj lom neeg nrog cov khoom siv hlau ntawm 1200-1300 degree, thiab nws yuav tsis hnav zoo li pob zeb diamond, thiab nws tseem tuaj yeem tswj tau qhov hardness ntawm cemented carbide lub sijhawm no; PCBN cov cuab yeej tsim nyog rau kev txiav hardened steel Parts thiab chilled cam khwb cia hlau, yuav tau lug siv nyob rau hauv high-ceev txiav cam khwb cia hlau.
④ Cov thermal conductivity zoo: Txawm hais tias cov thermal conductivity ntawm CBN tsis zoo li cov pob zeb diamond, thermal conductivity ntawm PCBN tsuas yog thib ob rau pob zeb diamond ntawm ntau yam khoom siv, thiab ntau dua li cov hlau kub ceev thiab cemented carbide.
⑤ Muaj cov coefficient ntawm kev sib txhuam: qis coefficient ntawm kev sib txhuam tuaj yeem txo qhov txiav quab yuam thaum txiav, txo qhov kub thiab txias, thiab txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem.
⑶ Cubic boron nitride daim ntawv thov
Cubic boron nitride yog tsim rau kev ua tiav ntau yam nyuaj-rau-txiav cov ntaub ntawv xws li hardened steel, tawv cam khwb cia hlau, superalloy, nyuaj alloy, thiab nto txau cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov tseeb machining tuaj yeem ncav cuag IT5 (lub qhov yog IT6), thiab qhov roughness ntawm qhov chaw tuaj yeem yog me me li Ra1.25-0.20μm.
Cov khoom siv cubic boron nitride muaj qhov tsis zoo toughness thiab khoov lub zog. Yog li ntawd, cubic boron nitride tig cov cuab yeej tsis haum rau kev ntxhib machining nrog tsawg ceev thiab siab load; Cov ntug kev ua haujlwm hnyav yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm hlau, uas yuav deteriorate lub machined nto.
3. Ceramic Riam Khoom
Ceramic riam muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm siab hardness, zoo hnav tsis kam, zoo heev kub tsis kam thiab tshuaj stability, thiab tsis yooj yim rau daim ntawv cog lus nrog hlau. Ceramic txiav cov cuab yeej tuav txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv CNC machining. Ceramic txiav cov cuab yeej tau dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov cuab yeej txiav rau kev kub ceev txiav thiab ua cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj rau tshuab. Ceramic tej cuab yeej yog dav siv nyob rau hauv high-ceev txiav, txiav qhuav, txiav nyuaj thiab txiav cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj-rau-tshuab. Ceramic riam tuaj yeem ua cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj uas cov riam tsoos tsis tuaj yeem ua txhua yam, thiab paub tias "hloov kev sib tsoo nrog lub tsheb"; Qhov zoo tshaj plaws txiav ceev ntawm ceramic riam tuaj yeem yog 2 mus rau 10 npaug siab dua li ntawm cov cemented carbide riam, yog li kev txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev txiav cov khoom tseem ceeb siv hauv cov cuab yeej ceramic yog cov khoom siv ntau tshaj plaws hauv lub ntiaj teb crust. Yog li ntawd, qhov nrov thiab kev siv cov cuab yeej ceramic yog qhov tseem ceeb los txhim kho cov khoom tsim tau, txo cov nqi ua haujlwm, thiab txuag cov tswv yim zoo hlau, thiab tseem yuav txhawb kev txhim kho cov cuab yeej txiav. kev vam meej.
⑴ Hom khoom siv ceramic
Cov khoom siv ceramic feem ntau tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb pawg: alumina-based ceramics, silicon nitride-based ceramics, thiab cov khoom siv silicon nitride-alumina-based ceramics. Ntawm lawv, alumina-based thiab silicon nitride-raws li cov khoom siv ceramic yog cov khoom siv dav tshaj plaws. Kev ua tau zoo ntawm silicon nitride-raws li ceramics yog superior rau ntawm alumina-based ceramics.
⑵ Kev ua tau zoo thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov cuab yeej ceramic
① High hardness thiab zoo hnav tsis kam: Txawm hais tias hardness ntawm cov cuab yeej ceramic tsis siab npaum li ntawm PCD thiab PCBN, nws yog ntau dua li cov cemented carbide thiab cov cuab yeej high-speed steel, ncav cuag 93-95HRA. Cov cuab yeej ceramic tuaj yeem ua cov ntaub ntawv hardness siab uas nyuaj rau txheej txheem nrog cov cuab yeej ib txwm siv, thiab tsim nyog rau kev txiav ceev ceev thiab txiav nyuaj.
② Qhov kub thiab txias tsis kam: Cov cuab yeej ceramic tseem tuaj yeem txiav ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj 1200 degree. Ceramic riam muaj qhov kub thiab txias txhua yam khoom, thiab oxidation tsis kam ntawm A12O3 ceramic riam yog qhov zoo tshwj xeeb. Txawm hais tias qhov txiav ntug yog nyob rau hauv lub xeev kub kub, nws tuaj yeem siv tsis tu ncua. Yog li ntawd, cov cuab yeej ceramic tuaj yeem ua tiav kev txiav qhuav, uas tuaj yeem txuag cov dej txiav.
③ Kev ruaj ntseg tshuaj zoo: Ceramic tej cuab yeej tsis yooj yim rau kev cog lus nrog hlau, thiab yog corrosion-resistant thiab chemically ruaj khov, uas tuaj yeem txo cov kev sib txuas ntawm cov cuab yeej txiav.
④ Tsawg coefficient ntawm kev sib txhuam: Lub affinity ntawm ceramic cov cuab yeej thiab hlau yog me me, thiab cov coefficient ntawm kev sib txhuam yog tsawg, uas yuav txo tau txiav quab yuam thiab txiav kub.
⑶ Kev siv cov riam ceramic
Ceramic yog ib qho ntawm cov cuab yeej siv feem ntau yog siv rau kev ua tiav high-speed thiab semi-tiav. Ceramic txiav cov cuab yeej tsim nyog rau kev txiav txhua yam cam khwb cia hlau (grey cam khwb cia hlau, ductile hlau, malleable cam khwb cia hlau, chilled cam khwb cia hlau, siab alloy hnav-resistant cam khwb cia hlau) thiab hlau (carbon structural steel, alloy structural steel, siab zog steel. , siab manganese steel, quenched steel thiab lwm yam), kuj tuaj yeem siv los txiav tooj liab alloys, graphite, engineering plastics thiab cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw.
Muaj teeb meem ntawm qhov tsis muaj zog dabtsi yog khoov tsis zoo thiab tsis zoo cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv ceramic txiav, uas tsis haum rau kev txiav hauv qis qis thiab cuam tshuam.
4. Cov khoom siv coated
Txheej cov cuab yeej yog ib txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cuab yeej. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov cuab yeej coated txiav tau ua ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev txiav cov cuab yeej txiav. Cov cuab yeej coated yog coated nrog ib los yog ntau txheej ntawm refractory compound nrog zoo hnav tsis kam ntawm cov cuab yeej tougher lub cev, uas sib txuas cov cuab yeej substrate nrog cov txheej tawv tawv, kom cov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov cuab yeej zoo heev. Coated txiav cov cuab yeej tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua tau zoo, txhim kho kev ua tiav, ua kom lub neej ntev thiab txo cov nqi ua haujlwm.
Kwv yees li 80 feem pua ntawm cov cuab yeej txiav siv hauv cov cuab yeej siv tshuab CNC tshiab siv cov cuab yeej coated. Coated txiav cov cuab yeej yuav yog cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm CNC machining yav tom ntej.
⑴ Cov cuab yeej coated
Raws li cov txheej txheem sib txawv, cov cuab yeej coated tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov cuab yeej siv tshuaj vapor deposition (CVD) coated thiab lub cev vapor deposition (PVD) coated cov cuab yeej. Coated carbide cov cuab yeej feem ntau siv cov tshuaj vapor deposition, thiab qhov kub ntawm deposition yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 1000 degree. Coated high-speed steel cov cuab yeej feem ntau siv lub cev vapor deposition, thiab cov deposition kub yog hais txog 500 degree;
Raws li cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv coated, cov cuab yeej coated tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov cuab yeej carbide coated, cov cuab yeej siv high-speed steel coated, thiab cov cuab yeej coated ntawm ceramics thiab superhard cov ntaub ntawv (pob zeb diamond thiab cubic boron nitride).
Raws li qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov khoom siv txheej txheej, cov cuab yeej coated tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg, uas yog "nyuaj" coated cov cuab yeej thiab 'mos' coated cov cuab yeej. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ua raws li "nyuaj" coated cov cuab yeej yog siab hardness thiab hnav tsis kam Nws lub ntsiab zoo yog siab hardness thiab zoo hnav tsis kam, feem ntau yog TiC thiab TiN txheej. Lub hom phiaj ua raws li cov cuab yeej "soft" txheej yog cov coefficient tsawg ntawm kev sib txhuam, tseem hu ua cov cuab yeej lubricating tus kheej, thiab nws cov kev sib txhuam nrog cov khoom siv ua haujlwm Cov coefficient tsawg heev, tsuas yog hais txog 0.1, uas tuaj yeem txo kev sib txuas, txo kev sib txhuam, txo kev txiav quab yuam thiab txiav kub.
Nanoeating cov cuab yeej tau tsim los tsis ntev los no. Cov cuab yeej coated no tuaj yeem siv cov khoom sib txawv ntawm ntau cov ntaub ntawv txheej (xws li hlau / hlau, hlau / ceramic, ceramic / ceramic, thiab lwm yam) kom ua tau raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm. Cov txheej txheem nano-txheej txheem tsim tau zoo tuaj yeem ua rau cov cuab yeej siv tau zoo heev los tiv thaiv kev sib txhuam thiab tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm thiab nws tus kheej lubricating zog, uas yog tsim rau high-speed qhuav txiav.
⑵ Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov cuab yeej coated
① Zoo txhua yam thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo: Cov cuab yeej coated sib xyaw ua ke cov khoom zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hauv paus thiab cov khoom siv txheej, uas tsis tsuas yog tswj xyuas qhov zoo toughness thiab siab zog ntawm lub hauv paus, tab sis kuj muaj lub siab hardness, hnav tsis kam thiab hnav tsis tshua muaj. tsis kam ntawm txheej. coefficient ntawm kev sib txhuam. Yog li ntawd, kev txiav ceev ntawm cov cuab yeej coated tuaj yeem nce ntau dua 2 npaug ntawm cov cuab yeej tsis muaj coated, thiab pub tus nqi siab dua. Coated cuab yeej lub neej kuj nce.
② Muaj zog versatility: Coated cov cuab yeej muaj versatility dav, thiab kev ua ntau yam yog ho nthuav. Ib lub cuab yeej coated tuaj yeem hloov tau ntau yam cuab yeej uas tsis yog coated.
③ Txheej thickness: Nrog rau qhov nce ntawm txheej txheej, lub cuab yeej lub neej kuj yuav nce, tab sis thaum lub txheej thickness ncav cuag saturation, lub cuab tam lub neej yuav tsis nce ho. Thaum lub txheej yog tuab heev, nws yog ib qho yooj yim ua rau tev; Thaum cov txheej yog nyias dhau, qhov hnav tsis zoo.
④ Regrindability: Coated blades muaj tsis zoo regrindability, complex txheej txheej, cov txheej txheem siab, thiab ntev txheej txheej.
⑤ Cov khoom siv txheej: cov cuab yeej nrog cov khoom siv sib txawv muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm kev txiav. Piv txwv li: thaum txiav ntawm qis ceev, TiC txheej muaj qhov zoo dua; Thaum txiav ntawm kev kub ceev, TiN yog qhov tsim nyog dua.
⑶ Kev siv cov cuab yeej coated
Coated txiav cov cuab yeej muaj peev xwm zoo hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm CNC machining, thiab yuav yog cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm CNC machining yav tom ntej. Txheej txheej tshuab tau siv rau qhov kawg mills, reamers, laum, compound qhov ua
Cov cuab yeej txiav, iav hobs, iav shaper cutters, iav shaving cutters, tsim broaches thiab ntau yam indexable inserts rau lub tshuab clamps ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev kub ceev txiav thiab ua ntau yam steels, cam khwb cia hlau, tshav kub-resistant alloys thiab non-ferrous hlau.
5. Carbide Khoom siv
Carbide tej cuab yeej, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog indexable carbide tej cuab yeej, yog cov khoom ntawm CNC machining cov cuab yeej. Txij li thaum xyoo 1980s, ntau yam khoom siv thiab cov cuab yeej siv tau carbide txiav cov cuab yeej lossis cov hniav tau nthuav dav mus rau ntau yam Hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm ntau yam cuab yeej txiav, cov cuab yeej indexable carbide tau nthuav dav los ntawm cov cuab yeej tig yooj yim thiab lub ntsej muag milling cutters mus rau ntau yam precision, complex thiab forming tool fields.
⑴ Cov cuab yeej cemented carbide
Raws li cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg, cemented carbide tuaj yeem muab faib ua tungsten carbide-based cemented carbide thiab carbon (nitride) titanium (TiC (N))-raws li cemented carbide.
Tungsten carbide-based cemented carbide suav nrog peb hom: tungsten-cobalt (YG), tungsten-cobalt-titanium (YT), thiab tsis tshua muaj carbides (YW), txhua tus muaj nws qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. Cov khoom tseem ceeb yog tungsten carbide (WC), titanium carbide (TiC), tantalum carbide (TaC), niobium carbide (NbC), thiab lwm yam, thiab feem ntau siv hlau binder theem yog Co.
Cov pa roj carbon (nitride) titanium-based cemented carbide yog cov cemented carbide nrog TiC ua cov khoom tseem ceeb (qee qhov lwm cov carbides los yog nitrides ntxiv), thiab feem ntau siv hlau binder theem yog Mo thiab Ni.
ISO (International Organization for Standardization) faib cov cemented carbide rau txiav ua peb pawg:
K qeb, suav nrog Kl0 ~ K40, sib npaug rau kuv lub teb chaws qeb YG (lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog WC.Co).
P qeb, suav nrog P01 ~ P50, sib npaug rau kuv lub teb chaws qeb YT (tsuas yog tsim los ntawm WC.TiC.Co).
M qeb, suav nrog M10 ~ M40, sib npaug rau kuv lub teb chaws qeb YW (lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog WC-TiC-TaC(NbC)-Co).
Txhua qib sawv cev rau cov alloys los ntawm siab hardness mus rau qhov siab tshaj plaws toughness nrog cov lej ntawm 01 thiab 50.
⑵ Kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov cemented carbide tej cuab yeej
① High hardness: Cemented carbide tej cuab yeej yog ua los ntawm carbide siab hardness thiab melting point (hu ua nyuaj theem) thiab hlau binder (hu ua bonding theem) los ntawm hmoov metallurgy txoj kev, thiab nws hardness ncav cuag 89-93HRA, ntau dua high-speed steel, ntawm 5400C, qhov hardness tseem tuaj yeem ncav cuag 82-87HRA, uas yog tib yam li cov hlau kub ceev ntawm chav tsev kub (83-86HRA). Tus nqi hardness ntawm cemented carbide sib txawv nrog cov xwm, kom muaj nuj nqis, qhov loj me thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau sib txuas theem ntawm cov carbide, thiab feem ntau txo qis nrog qhov nce ntawm cov khoom sib txuas hlau theem. Thaum cov ntsiab lus binder theem zoo ib yam, qhov hardness ntawm YT alloys siab dua li ntawm YG alloys, thiab cov alloys ntxiv nrog TaC (NbC) muaj siab kub hardness.
② Bending zog thiab toughness: Lub zog dabtsi yog khoov ntawm feem ntau siv cemented carbide yog nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 900-1500MPa. Qhov siab dua cov hlau binder theem cov ntsiab lus, qhov siab dua lub zog flexural. Thaum cov ntsiab lus binder zoo ib yam, lub zog ntawm YG hom (WC-Co) alloy yog siab dua li ntawm YT hom (WC-TiC-Co) alloy, thiab lub zog txo nrog qhov nce ntawm TiC cov ntsiab lus. Cemented carbide yog cov khoom siv tawv tawv, thiab nws qhov cuam tshuam rau qhov kub ntawm chav tsev tsuas yog 1/30 txog 1/8 ntawm high-speed steel.
⑶ Kev siv cov cuab yeej carbide feem ntau siv
YG alloys yog siv los ua cov hlau cam khwb cia, cov hlau tsis muaj hlau thiab cov khoom tsis yog hlau. Fine-grained hard alloys (xws li YG3X, YG6X) muaj zog dua thiab hnav tsis kam tshaj qhov nruab nrab-grained nyuaj alloys thaum cov ntsiab lus cobalt zoo ib yam, thiab tsim nyog rau kev ua qee yam tshwj xeeb nyuaj cam khwb cia hlau, austenitic stainless hlau, kub-resistant. alloys, Titanium alloy, tawv bronze thiab hnav-resistant insulating cov ntaub ntawv, thiab lwm yam.
Cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm YT hom cemented carbide yog siab hardness, zoo tshav kub tsis kam, siab hardness thiab compressive zog ntawm kub siab tshaj YG hom, thiab zoo oxidation kuj. Yog li ntawd, thaum rab riam yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv kub thiab hnav tsis kam, qib nrog TiC cov ntsiab lus siab dua yuav tsum raug xaiv. YT alloys yog tsim rau kev ua cov ntaub ntawv yas xws li hlau, tab sis tsis haum rau kev ua cov titanium alloys thiab silicon-aluminium alloys.
YW alloy muaj cov khoom ntawm YG thiab YT alloys, thiab muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo. Nws tuaj yeem siv tsis tau tsuas yog rau kev ua cov ntaub ntawv steel, tab sis kuj rau kev ua cov hlau cam khwb cia thiab cov hlau tsis muaj hlau. Yog hais tias cov ntsiab lus cobalt yog qhov tsim nyog, lub zog ntawm hom alloy no tuaj yeem siab heev, thiab nws tuaj yeem siv rau kev ua haujlwm ntxhib thiab sib cuam tshuam ntawm ntau yam khoom siv tshuab nyuaj.
6. Kev kub ceev hlau riam
High Speed Steel (HSS luv luv) yog cov cuab yeej siv high-alloy steel nrog ntau alloying ntsiab xws li W, Mo, Cr, thiab V ntxiv. High-speed steel txiav cov cuab yeej muaj kev ua tau zoo heev ntawm lub zog, toughness, thiab manufacturability. Hauv cov cuab yeej txiav nyuaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov cuab yeej ua lub qhov, milling cutters, threading cov cuab yeej, broaches, iav txiav cov cuab yeej thiab lwm yam nyuaj txiav cov cuab yeej, high-speed steel tseem nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm tseem ceeb. High-speed steel riam yog yooj yim rau sharpen tej npoo.
Raws li kev siv sib txawv, kev kub ceev steel tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov hom phiaj siab ceev steel thiab kev ua haujlwm siab ua haujlwm siab.
tus
⑴ General-purpose high-speed steel tej cuab yeej
tus
General hom phiaj kev kub ceev steel. Feem ntau, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob hom: tungsten steel thiab tungsten molybdenum steel. Hom high-speed steel no muaj cov tshuaj ntxiv (C) ntawm 0.7 feem pua rau 0.9 feem pua. Raws li cov ntsiab lus sib txawv tungsten hauv cov hlau, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua tungsten steel nrog 12 feem pua lossis 18 feem pua W, tungsten-molybdenum steel nrog 6 feem pua lossis 8 feem pua W, thiab molybdenum steel nrog 2 feem pua lossis tsis muaj W. General-purpose high-speed steel muaj ib qho hardness ({13}}HRC) thiab hnav tsis kam, siab zog thiab toughness, zoo plasticity thiab ua tshuab, yog li nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm ntau yam cuab yeej complex.
① Tungsten steel: Cov qib raug ntawm cov hom phiaj siab ceev steel tungsten steel yog W18Cr4V, (W18 luv luv), uas muaj kev ua tau zoo. Qhov kub-kub hardness ntawm 6000C yog 48.5HRC, thiab tuaj yeem siv los tsim ntau yam cuab yeej nyuaj. Nws muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev sib tsoo zoo thiab tsis tshua muaj decarburization rhiab heev, tab sis vim yog cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm carbides, kev faib tawm kuj tsis sib xws, cov khoom loj, thiab lub zog thiab tawv tsis siab.
② Tungsten-molybdenum steel: yog hais txog lub siab ceev hlau tau los ntawm kev hloov ib feem ntawm tungsten hauv cov hlau tungsten nrog molybdenum. Cov qib raug ntawm tungsten-molybdenum steel yog W6Mo5Cr4V2, (M2 luv luv). Cov carbide hais ntawm M2 yog qhov zoo thiab sib xws, thiab nws lub zog, toughness thiab kub plasticity zoo dua li cov W18Cr4V. Lwm tungsten-molybdenum steel yog W9Mo3Cr4V (W9 luv luv), nws thermal stability yog me ntsis siab dua li ntawm M2 steel, nws dabtsi yog khoov zog thiab toughness yog zoo dua W6M05Cr4V2, thiab nws muaj zoo machinability.
⑵ Cov cuab yeej siv high-speed steel txiav
tus
High-performance high-speed steel yog hais txog ib hom tshiab ntawm cov hlau uas ntxiv qee cov ntsiab lus carbon, vanadium cov ntsiab lus, thiab cov ntsiab lus alloying xws li Co thiab Al rau lub hom phiaj ntawm high-speed steel muaj pes tsawg leeg, yog li txhim kho nws cov cua sov thiab hnav tsis kam. . Feem ntau muaj cov pawg hauv qab no:
① High carbon high speed steel. High-carbon high-speed steel (xws li 95W18Cr4V), nrog siab hardness ntawm chav tsev kub thiab kub, yog tsim rau kev tsim thiab ua cov hlau zoo tib yam thiab cam khwb cia hlau, xyaum, reamers, kais dej thiab milling cutters nrog siab hnav tsis kam, los yog cov cuab yeej rau kev ua cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj. Nws tsis tsim nyog los tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam loj.
tus
② High vanadium siab ceev hlau. Cov qib zoo, xws li W12Cr4V4Mo, (hu ua EV4), muaj V nce mus rau 3 feem pua rau 5 feem pua, zoo hnav tsis kam, haum rau kev txiav cov ntaub ntawv nrog cov cuab yeej zoo hnav, xws li fiber ntau, tawv roj hmab, yas, thiab lwm yam. kuj tseem siv rau kev ua Cov Khoom Siv xws li cov hlau tsis muaj steel, cov hlau muaj zog, thiab cov hlau kub kub.
tus
③ Cobalt kev kub ceev steel. Nws yog cobalt-muaj superhard high-speed steel, ib qib raug, xws li W2Mo9Cr4VCo8, (M42 luv luv), muaj ib tug siab hardness, thiab nws hardness yuav ncav cuag 69-70HRC. Nws yog tsim rau kev ua cov hlau uas muaj zog kub-resistant, kub-kub alloys, titanium alloys, thiab lwm yam. Machining cov ntaub ntawv, M42 muaj zoo grindability thiab yog haum rau ua precision thiab complex cov cuab yeej, tab sis nws tsis haum rau kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tej kev txiav. tej yam kev mob.
④ Aluminium siab ceev steel. Nws belongs rau aluminium-muaj superhard high-speed steel, raug qib, xws li W6Mo5Cr4V2Al, (abbreviated li 501), qhov kub-kub hardness ncav cuag 54HRC ntawm 6000C, thiab txiav kev ua tau zoo sib npaug rau M42. Nws yog tsim rau manufacturing milling cutters, xyaum, reamers, iav cutters, thiab broaches. thiab lwm yam, siv los ua cov ntaub ntawv xws li alloy steel, stainless hlau, high-strength steel thiab superalloy.
tus
⑤ Nitrogen superhard high-speed hlau. Hom qib, xws li W12M03Cr4V3N, hu ua (V3N), yog nitrogen-muaj superhard high-speed steels. Lub hardness, lub zog, thiab toughness yog sib npaug rau M42. ua.
tus
(3) Melting high-speed steel thiab hmoov metallurgy high-speed steel
Raws li kev tsim cov txheej txheem sib txawv, cov hlau ceev ceev tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov hlau kub ceev thiab hmoov metallurgy high-speed steel.
tus
① Smelting high-speed steel: Ob leeg zoo tib yam high-speed steel thiab high-speed steel yog tsim los ntawm smelting. Lawv raug tsim los rau hauv riam los ntawm cov txheej txheem xws li smelting, ingot casting thiab plating thiab dov. Qhov teeb meem loj uas yuav tshwm sim hauv smelting high-speed steel yog carbide segregation. Hard thiab brittle carbides yog unevenly faib nyob rau hauv high-speed steel, thiab cov nplej yog ntxhib (txog kaum ntawm microns). thiab tsis zoo cuam tshuam rau kev txiav.
tus
② Powder metallurgy high-speed steel (PM HSS): hmoov metallurgy high-speed steel (PM HSS) yog molten steel smelted nyob rau hauv ib tug high-frequency induction rauv, atomized nrog high-pressure argon los yog ntshiab nitrogen, thiab ces quenched kom tau zoo. thiab niaj hnub siv lead ua Microstructure (high-speed steel hmoov), thiab tom qab ntawd nias cov hmoov tau txais mus rau hauv ib rab riam nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias, los yog ua ntej ua ib tug steel billet thiab ces forge thiab yob nws mus rau hauv ib tug riam. Piv nrog rau cov hlau kub ceev uas tsim los ntawm txoj kev melting, PM HSS muaj qhov zoo hauv qab no: cov carbide nplej zoo thiab zoo ib yam, thiab lub zog, toughness thiab hnav tsis kam yog zoo dua piv nrog cov high-speed steel ua los ntawm melting. Hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov cuab yeej CNC complex, PM HSS cov cuab yeej yuav txuas ntxiv txhim kho thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Cov qib zoo, xws li F15, FR71, GFl, GF2, GF3, PT1, PVN, thiab lwm yam, tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov riam loj, hnyav, hnyav, muaj zog riam, thiab tseem tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov riam precision.
03
Kev xaiv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom siv CNC
Tam sim no, cov cuab yeej siv dav hauv CNC feem ntau suav nrog cov cuab yeej txiav pob zeb diamond, cubic boron nitride txiav cov cuab yeej, cov cuab yeej txiav ceramic, coated txiav cov cuab yeej, carbide txiav cov cuab yeej thiab cov cuab yeej high-speed steel txiav.
