Lub hom phiaj thoob ntiaj teb ntawm kev ua tiav xoom emissions los ntawm 2050 yog tsav kev loj hlob sai hauv cov hlab ntsha sib xyaw.
duab
Composite Pressure Vessels
Kev kub siab roj cia cov hlab ntsha yog ib qho ntawm cov lag luam loj tshaj plaws thiab ceev tshaj plaws rau cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov filament mob carbon fiber composites. Txawm hais tias lawv tuaj yeem siv tau rau hauv lub tshuab ua pa ntawm tus kheej thiab muab cov pa oxygen thiab roj cia rau cov tsheb thauj mus los, lub lag luam kawg yog rau cov roj liquefied propane (LPG), compressed natural gas (CNG), cov roj hluav taws xob tauj dua tshiab (RNG) thiab hydrogen. (H2) ruaj khov. Thaum LPG lub tog raj kheej siv hauv tsheb, muaj kev xav tau ntau ntxiv rau lawv hauv kev lag luam ua noj thiab cua sov hauv cov tebchaws tsim.
Roj systems xws li compressed natural gas (CNG), renewable natural gas (RNG) thiab hydrogen (H2) yog nce siv nyob rau hauv tsheb, tsheb npav, vans thiab lwm yam "Resupply gas stations or bulk thauj ntawm industrial sites. Roj cia tso tsheb hlau luam yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev huv si, xoom-emission powertrains uas txo los yog hloov roj av, diesel thiab dav hlau roj. roj.
Muaj 5 hom ntawm cov hlab ntsha siab:
Hom I: Tag nrho cov hlau siv, feem ntau yog steel siv.
Hom II: Feem ntau cov hlau nrog qee cov hlua khi-qhov txhab, feem ntau yog hlau lossis txhuas hlau thiab fiberglass composites, cov thawv hlau sib koom ua ke ib yam li cov khoom sib xyaw.
Hom III: Cov hlau liner tau muab qhwv tag nrog cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw, feem ntau yog cov ntaub ntawv carbon fiber ntau yog qhwv ib ncig ntawm aluminium liner, thiab cov khoom sib xyaw bears cov qauv load.
Hom IV: Tag nrho cov qauv sib xyaw, feem ntau yog lub tank sab hauv ua los ntawm polyamide (PA) lossis high-density polyethylene (HDPE), lub tank sab hauv yog qhov txhab nrog carbon fiber lossis cov khoom sib xyaw sib xyaw nrog carbon fiber / iav fiber, thiab cov khoom sib xyaw cov ntaub ntawv bears tag nrho cov structural loads.
Hom V: Linerless, tag nrho-composite tsim.
Kev lig kev cai, Hom I tuav ntau dua 90 feem pua ntawm kev ua lag luam, tab sis qhov no tau ua tiav los ntawm kev muag khoom ntau ntxiv ntawm Hom III thiab Hom IV siab hlab ntsha vim qhov hnyav txuag los ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw thiab txhim kho kev khaws cia ntawm cov roj compressed pib hloov. Hom V tseem nyob rau hauv nws cov me nyuam mos thiab feem ntau ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm qhov chaw siv. Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm qhov chaw tshiab kev lag luam, qhov no yog ib yam khoom tsim nyog rau kev mloog. Piv txwv li, thaum lub Plaub Hlis 2020, Tebchaws Asmeskas lub tuam txhab Infinite Composites Technologies (ICT) tau tsim lub V-zoo li tus kheej kheej lub tank siv los khaws cov kua ua kua cryogenic rau ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws uas siv lub tshuab tso tawm. Qhov no linerless carbon fiber epoxy cryosphere tank yog tsim los siv filament winding thiab industrial cub curing txheej txheem.
Kev Lag Luam Tsav Tsheb thiab Kev Loj Hlob
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam no yog kev cog lus thoob ntiaj teb kom txo tau qhov cuam tshuam ntawm huab cua los ntawm kev hloov ntawm fossil fuels mus txuas ntxiv, emission-txo roj xws li CNG, RNG thiab H2 kom ua tiav xoom emissions los ntawm 2050. Raws li tsab ntawv ceeb toom tshiab los ntawm International Energy Agency, "Net Zero Emissions by 2050: A Roadmap for the Global Energy Sector": Cov kev cog lus huab cua uas tsoomfwv tau ua kom deb li deb, yog tias ua tiav, poob qis ntawm 2050 Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev txo qis. net lub zog ntsig txog lub ntiaj teb CO2 emissions mus rau xoom es tsis txhob muab lub sijhawm rau lub ntiaj teb los txwv kev nce hauv ntiaj teb kub rau 1.5 degree.
Nws yog tsim nyog hais tias, ntxiv rau cov lus cog tseg saum toj no, Tebchaws Asmeskas cov xeev ntawm Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont thiab Washington tau cog lus tsis tsim cov Fossil roj neeg nrog caij tsheb tshiab, lub sijhawm no. , koom nrog California, Colorado, Hawaii, Maine, North Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania thiab Cheeb Tsam ntawm Columbia kom txwv tsis pub muag cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshiab nruab nrab thiab cov tsheb hnyav.
Hauv lwm lub cim ntawm kev loj hlob, US-based Cummins Inc., uas tsim 130 lab lub tshuab hluav taws xob sab hauv (ICEs) hauv ib xyoos, ntau yam uas tau siv hauv tsheb npav thiab cov tsheb loj nruab nrab thiab hnyav, tau nqis peev hauv kev txhim kho Chav Kawm. 8 roj-cell van thiab hydrogen-fueled engine. Thaum Lub Rau Hli 2021, Cummins tau hais tias thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua no, cov khoom lag luam no yuav mus txog tus nqi tag nrho ntawm kev ua tswv cuab (TCO) ntawm lub cav diesel, thiab yav tom ntej kev thauj mus los hnyav yuav siv los ntawm hydrogen, roj hlwb lossis roj teeb es tsis yog diesel.
Kev muag khoom thoob ntiaj teb ntawm cov tsheb roj av (NGVs) hauv 2020 tau siab dua li qhov kev kwv yees yav dhau los: 29.8 lab units tau muag tiag tiag piv rau qhov kwv yees 24.4 lab, raws li 2021 Grandview Research Report. Daim ntawv tshaj tawm kuj tau kwv yees tias kev muag khoom hauv 2021 yuav yog kwv yees li 31 lab units, thiab yuav nce mus rau 38.9 lab units hauv 2028, ua tiav qhov kev loj hlob txhua xyoo (CAGR) ntawm 3.3 feem pua. DataIntelo hais tias nyob rau hauv CNG nkoj lag luam, Hom I cov hlab ntsha suav txog kwv yees li 55 feem pua ntawm kev ua lag luam, thaum Hom II, Hom III thiab Hom IV cov hlab ntsha suav txog kwv yees li 25 feem pua, 15 feem pua thiab 5 feem pua ntawm kev ua lag luam, raws li.
Tony Roberts ntawm AJR Consulting thiab Dan Pichler ntawm CarbConsult tau kwv yees tias qhov kev thov rau cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau hauv cov hlab ntsha sib xyaw yuav nce los ntawm 13,100 t hauv 2021 txog 20,230 t hauv 2026, thiab tag nrho cov kev xav tau carbon fiber hauv 2021 xav tias yuav yog 106.70t. Hauv qab no, tag nrho qhov kev thov rau carbon fiber yuav tsum ncav cuag 169,{10}}t hauv 2026. Roberts thiab Pichler kwv yees tias feem ntau ntawm cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau siv hauv cov hlab ntsha siab yuav nkag mus rau hauv cov kav dej txawb (6900t hauv 2026) thiab tsheb npav thiab vans (6400t hauv 2026).
Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li kev tso tawm cov tsheb tshiab hydrogen roj tsheb thoob ntiaj teb, nws kwv yees tias txhua 700bar hydrogen cia tank muaj 60 feem pua fiber ntau thiab hnyav 5.6kg yuav siv 62-72kg carbon fiber. Los ntawm 2030, tsuas yog hydrogen cia tank yuav xav tau carbon fiber. Lub ntim yuav ncav cuag 166650t. Txawm li cas los xij, kev kwv yees rau cov tsheb no yog kev saib xyuas, tsuas yog 1 feem pua ntawm cov tsheb thauj khoom hnyav, tsawg dua 10 feem pua ntawm cov tsheb npav thiab tsawg dua 1 feem pua ntawm cov tsheb yuav tsum siv hydrogen.
Siv cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke rau cov nkoj siab
Hom IV sib xyaw cov hlab ntsha siab rau hydrogen cia yog tsim los ntawm winding carbon fiber nyob ib ncig ntawm lub hnab yas thiab siv epoxy resin. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib xyaw uas tsim thiab tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau dhau los ntawm hydrogen cia tank cov kab ntau lawm suav nrog: Autonational Composites hauv Netherlands, Engineering Technology hauv Tebchaws Meskas, McClean Anderson hauv Tebchaws Meskas, MIKROSAM hauv Macedonia thiab Roth Composite Machinery hauv Tebchaws Yelemees, tom kawg thov tias kev tsim cov hydrogen cia tso tsheb hlau luam tuaj yeem ua tau tsib mus rau kaum zaus sai dua nrog nws cov cuab yeej tshiab Rothawin. MIKROSAM thov tias nws cov neeg siv khoom, Russia lub JSC DPO Plastik, tau siv lub ntiaj teb cov kab ntau tshaj plaws rau kev tsim cov CNG ntim thiab hydrogen cia tank, muaj peev xwm winding 60, 000 thawv ib xyoos.
Lub teb chaws Yelemees Cevotec hais tias nws tuaj yeem txuag tau 20 feem pua ntawm cov khoom siv thiab 20 feem pua hauv lub sijhawm voj voog los ntawm kev siv nws cov Fiber Patch Placement (FPP) system nyob rau hauv thaj tsam dome ntawm lub nkoj siab. Cevotec tus thawj coj tau piav qhia tias txhawm rau khaws 1kg ntawm hydrogen, kev ua haujlwm siab hauv lub thawv yog txog li 700 bar, uas txhais tau hais tias xav tau txog 10kg ntawm carbon fiber, uas yog qhov sib piv siab heev. FPP system muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo ua tib zoo tsim cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau thaj ua rau thaj chaw uas qee zaum muaj teeb meem thaum lub sij hawm winding. Nws tau hais tias ib qho FPP system tuaj yeem txhawb nqa cov thawv los ntawm ntau lub tshuab winding.
Thaum feem ntau hom IV siab hlab ntsha siv rau compressed gas cia siv carbon fiber rau structural reinforcement thiab iav fiber rau txheej txheej los tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj, Norway's Umoe Advanced Composites (UAC) tsuas yog siv iav fiber ntau rau nws hom IV hlab ntsha. UAC muab 200-350 cov nkoj thauj khoom rau kev lag luam roj tsheb thauj mus los ntau dua li kev lag luam tsheb, thiab yuav nthuav dav nws cov khoom lag luam kom suav nrog 450-500 cov nkoj bar hauv xyoo 2022. Raws li tau hais los ntawm UAC CEO Øyvind Hamre, iav-fiber -reinforced polymer (GFRP) cov hlab ntsha raug nqi tib yam li cov hlab ntsha hlau, tab sis yog 70 feem pua sib zog. Piv nrog CFRP ntim, txawm tias GFRP ntim hnyav dua, lawv txo tus nqi los ntawm 50 feem pua.
duab
Hom IV cov hlab ntsha ua los ntawm cov iav fiber reinforced composites tsis tshua kim tshaj carbon fiber ntau thiab sib dua li cov hlab ntsha steel (daim duab ntawm Umoe Advanced Composites)
Hydrogen cia tank hauv ntau lub khw
Rau Hexagon Purus hauv Norway thiab NPROXX hauv Netherlands (ib 50: 50 kev sib koom ua lag luam ntawm Cummins thiab Cimmaron Composites hauv Tebchaws Meskas, nws tau txais los ntawm Hanwha hauv Kaus Lim Qab Teb. Lub tuam txhab tshaj tawm xyoo 2021 tias nws yuav nqis peev 130 lab US las. nyob rau hauv Alaba, Teb Chaws Asmeskas Kev faib khoom kuj tseem yog lub lag luam tseem ceeb rau kev tsim kho tshiab cog qoob loo hauv Opelika, MA.
Daim ntawv thov ntawm hydrogen cia tso tsheb hlau luam tsis tau tsuas yog tau txais kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub lag luam tis, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm tsheb, tsheb, tsheb thauj mus los thiab marine tsheb thauj mus los. Michael Himmen, tus thawj coj thiab tus thawj coj ntawm kev muag khoom ntawm NPROXX, lub chaw tsim khoom ntawm hydrogen cia tank hais tias "Qee lub tsheb ciav hlau tsim hauv Tebchaws Europe yuav siv los ntawm hydrogen. Raws li European txoj cai, los ntawm 2030, tsheb OEMs yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias CO2 emissions ntawm lawv cov tsheb thauj khoom raug txo los ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm 30 feem pua piv rau 2019 qib. Raws li Himmen lub tswv yim, 5 feem pua ntawm cov tsheb thauj khoom nyob sab Europe tuaj yeem siv hluav taws xob hydrogen, uas txhais tau hais tias tag nrho ntawm 15,000 txog 20,000 cov tsheb thauj khoom siv hydrogen yuav xav tau txhua xyoo. Nws paub tseeb tias 2, 000 lub tsheb uas siv hydrogen tuaj yeem tsim tau ib xyoos pib hauv 2026-27 thiab loj hlob tsis tu ncua los ntawm qhov ntawd. Yog tias txhua lub tsheb tau nruab nrog 5 txog 7 Hom IV hydrogen cia tank, hauv 10 xyoo, cov tsheb thauj khoom hnyav yuav xav tau 100,{19}} hydrogen cia tanks thiab 6,{21}} tons ntawm carbon fiber ib xyoo.
Hais txog kev tsheb ciav hlau, Alstom's Coradia iLint cov tsheb ciav hlau siv hydrogen tau muab tso rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees. 14 lub tsheb ciav hlau mus rau Lower Saxony tau pib khiav hauv 2021, thiab 27 lub tsheb ciav hlau mus rau thaj tsam Rhine tseem ceeb yuav pib xyoo 2022. xyoo mus siv. Tsis tas li ntawd, iLint tsheb ciav hlau tam sim no raug sim hauv Austria thiab Netherlands. Lub tsheb ciav hlau ob lub tsheb siv 24 Hom IV hydrogen cia tank, uas tau muab tso rau hauv lub ru tsev compartments saum toj ntawm txhua lub tsheb, uas kuj muaj roj hlwb. Hexagon Composites muab cov hydrogen cia tank rau tus qauv tsheb ciav hlau raws li nws lub tank hnyav hnyav nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 416mm thiab ntev ntawm 3128mm, uas tuaj yeem tuav 300L lossis 9kg ntawm hydrogen ntawm qhov siab ntawm 350 bar. Tam sim no, NPROXX muab hydrogen cia tso tsheb hlau luam nrog ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 500mm, ntev ntawm 2200mm thiab cia siab ntawm 350bar rau iLint tsheb ciav hlau.
duab
Alstom tau muag 41 Coradia iLint tsheb ciav hlau hydrogen thiab tab tom sim lwm tus (daim duab ntawm Alstom)
duab
Fabkis txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau SNCF tau xaj 12 Alstom's Coradia Polyvalent hluav taws xob thiab hydrogen-powered dual-mode tsheb ciav hlau hauv cheeb tsam (daim duab ntawm Alstom)
duab
Alstom tab tom ua haujlwm nrog Eversholt Rail hauv tebchaws Askiv los hloov tsheb ciav hlau hluav taws xob rau hauv cov tsheb ciav hlau hydrogen-powered Breeze (daim duab ntawm Alstom)
Lwm qhov kev txhim kho ntsig txog cov tsheb ciav hlau siv hluav taws xob muaj xws li: Mireo Plus H tsheb ciav hlau nrog 2 thiab 3 lub tsheb ciav hlau tsim los ntawm Lub Tebchaws Yelemees Siemens, uas yuav raug sim hauv ntau thaj tsam ntawm lub tebchaws Yelemes thaum 2023-2024. Lub caij no, Hexagon Purus tab tom muab Hom IV hydrogen cia tso tsheb hlau luam rau Vittal-One tsheb ciav hlau uas Spain's Talgo yuav pib sim hauv 2023. Hexagon Purus tseem yuav muab hydrogen cia tank rau Swiss Stadler Rail rau nws thawj FLIRT tsheb ciav hlau tsim thiab sim hauv Switzerland, uas. yuav nkag mus rau kev pabcuam hauv San Bernardino, California, Tebchaws Asmeskas hauv xyoo 2024.
duab
Siemens tab tom tsim lub tsheb ciav hlau Mireo Plus H rau kev sim hauv 2023-2024 (daim duab los ntawm Siemens)
Hais txog kev xa khoom, Hexagon Purus tshaj tawm thaum Lub Rau Hli 2021 tias nws yuav tsim ib lub tuam txhab tshiab, Hexagon Purus Maritime. Jørn Helge Dahl, Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Kev Muag Khoom thiab Kev Lag Luam ntawm Hexagon Purus hais tias "Tam sim no peb tab tom pom kev nce sai hauv kev thov thiab kev nqis tes ua rau hydrogen hauv kev ua lag luam marine." Cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia hauv ntug dej muab cov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws. "Dahl ntseeg tias kev lag luam hauv hiav txwv yuav pom ntau thiab ntau cov haujlwm tau nqis peev hauv kev lag luam raws li 2030 txoj hauv kev, tau tsav los ntawm lub hom phiaj los ntawm International Maritime Organization (IMO, London, UK) ua haujlwm. Cov haujlwm no suav nrog. : Txhua lub nkoj tshiab thiab tam sim no yuav tsum txo qis CO2 emissions los ntawm 40 feem pua los ntawm 2030 thiab 70 feem pua los ntawm 2050, piv rau 2008.
Hauv kev ya dav hlau, 2020 tau pom qhov kev txaus siab sai sai ntawm hydrogen raws li tsoomfwv Fab Kis tau tso tseg Airbus vim qhov kev poob qis los ntawm COVID-19 muaj thoob qhov txhia chaw thaum xav kom nws nqa cov dav hlau ua lag luam hydrogen mus rau kev lag luam los ntawm 2035. Thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 2020, Airbus tau tshaj tawm nws txoj haujlwm ZEROe nrog peb lub dav hlau qauv, lub nraub qaum 1/3 ntawm cov khoom siv los khaws cov kua hydrogen thiab xav tau kev tswj hwm cryogenic.
Lwm qhov kev xaiv rau lub regional turboprops yog lub ntxaib-tank module tsim los ntawm US tuam txhab Universal Hydrogen, uas siv CFRP ncej. "Peb muab cov qauv ntawm qhov kev thov, yog li tsis tas yuav muaj qhov chaw cia hydrogen," piav qhia JP Clarke, CTO ntawm Universal Hydrogen. "Cov qauv no tuaj yeem thauj mus rau hauv lub dav hlau yooj yim, ib yam li cov roj teeb lossis cov khoom siv hauv chav ua noj." Lub tuam txhab Tshaj Tawm hauv 2021, nws tau kos npe rau tsab ntawv xav nrog peb lub tuam txhab hauv cheeb tsam kom rov kho cov tshuab hluav taws xob hydrogen-powered propulsion rau cov dav hlau turboprop uas twb muaj lawm.
Lub tuam txhab Asmeskas ZeroAvia tshaj tawm thaum lub Plaub Hlis 2021 tias nws tab tom tsim lub 2- rooj zaum rau 50- lub dav hlau hauv cheeb tsam.
MW ntawm hydrogen-electric powertrains. Lub tuam txhab ua tiav $ 24.3 lab nyiaj txiag hauv 2021, uas yuav pab nws ua tiav kev lag luam hauv 2024 thiab pib ua haujlwm rau pej xeem hauv cheeb tsam dav hlau hauv 2026.
Cov teeb meem ntawm hydrogen cia
Hom IV ntim kuj ntsib teeb meem loj. Qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, tus nqi ntawm carbon fiber ua rau cov thawv no kim heev. Lwm qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb yog qhov ceev cia. Thaum compressed hydrogen muab peb npaug ntawm lub zog rau ib pawg ntawm cov roj av, nws lub zog ntawm ib lub ntim yog qhov qis dua, xav tau cov thawv loj los tiv thaiv qhov kub siab xav tau los khaws roj txaus. Hydrogen yeej muaj qhov ceev dua li cov kua cryogenic thaum khaws cia ntawm -253 degree, thaum thaum khaws cia hauv lub tank cryogenic compression (CCH2) ntawm -230 degree, 300 bar, hydrogen tau hais tias muaj qhov ntom ntom dua. dua li thaum khaws cia ntawm 700 bar 50 feem pua siab dua hauv hom IV ntim. Cryogenic tso tsheb hlau luam feem ntau yog xim hlau, thiab cov tso tsheb hlau luam cryogenic ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw ntau yam tseem tsis tau pom tias muaj qhov ua tau zoo thiab qaug zog lub neej raws li tau pom nyob rau hauv Hom IV compressed gas ntim, uas tau ua tiav cov ntaub ntawv sau ntau tshaj 25 xyoo.
Lwm qhov teeb meem yog tias kev tsim ntau lab ntawm hydrogen cia tso tsheb hlau luam yuav tsum tau ua kom tau raws li cov roj cell tsheb (FCV) thiab cov phiaj xwm kev xav tau ntawm cov phiaj xwm yuav tsis muaj nyob rau lub sijhawm rau cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau. "Kev tau txais cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau yog ib qho ntawm peb cov kev txhawj xeeb tseem ceeb." NPROXX's Himmen tau hais tias lub tuam txhab kev ua haujlwm hauv 2020-2021 xyoo nyiaj txiag tau nce ob npaug thiab yuav txuas ntxiv ob npaug rau xyoo tom ntej. "Peb tsis nyob ib leeg, Kuv xav tias Hexagon loj hlob ntawm tib tus nqi. Peb xav tau cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau nrog qee qhov zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm qee tus nqi taw tes." Tam sim no, feem ntau hom IV hlab ntsha siv Toray's T700 fiber ntau (Tensile zog 4900MPa, modulus 230MPa) lossis cov fibers zoo sib xws. "Cov fiber ntau tsis muaj zog txaus, uas txhais tau hais tias nws yuav tsum raug mob ob peb zaug ntxiv, uas ua rau lub thawv tuab dua, uas yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg. Yog tias koj tsis paub tam sim no qhov twg koj cov fiber ntau yuav los ntawm xyoo tom ntej, koj yuav muaj tiag tiag. kom tso tseg kev tsim khoom."
Lwm qhov kev sib tw loj rau hom IV cov hlab ntsha yog tus nqi ntawm cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau thiab CFRP cov hlab ntsha. Tshiab nkoj tsim thiab Fabkis Tier 1 automotive lwm tus neeg Plastic Omnium thiab Faurecia muaj ob lub hom phiaj los txo tus nqi ntawm Hom IV hydrogen cia tso tsheb hlau luam los ntawm 30 feem pua rau 75 feem pua los ntawm 2030 thaum nce kev cia khoom. nce ntau dua 7 feem pua. Txog rau qhov kawg no, cov thev naus laus zis tshiab tau nthuav tawm tas li, los ntawm FPP thev naus laus zis siv los ntawm Cevotec hauv Tebchaws Yelemees kom txo lub sijhawm thiab tus nqi ntawm CFRP qhwv rau lub thawv domes, mus rau 3D winding thev naus laus zis tau tsim los ntawm Cygnet Texkimp hauv UK kom txo cov fiber ntau puas, thiab mus rau Lub thawv nyob hauv-situ nrhiav tau thev naus laus zis tau tsim los ntawm Com&Sens, tus kws tshaj lij hauv cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke, Belgium.
