1. Muaj cov ntawv roj hmab
Cov roj hmab ntuj tsim nyog rau kev tshaj tawm xws li dej, dej hiav txwv, huab cua, inert gas, alkali thiab ntsev dej daws, tab sis nws tsis tiv taus cov ntxhia roj thiab cov kuab tshuaj tsis muaj polar. Kev siv lub sijhawm ntev kub tsis tshaj 90 degree, thiab nws muaj qhov ua tau zoo ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Siv saum toj no.
Nitrile roj hmab yog tsim rau cov khoom siv roj av, xws li roj av, lubricating roj, roj roj, thiab lwm yam. Lub sijhawm siv ntev yog 120 degree, thiab nws tuaj yeem tiv taus 150 degree hauv cov roj kub, thiab qhov kub tsis tshua muaj siab yog -10 degree ~ -20 degree .
chloroprene roj hmab yog tsim rau seawater, tsis muaj zog acid, tsis muaj zog alkali, ntsev tov, zoo heev oxygen thiab ozone kev laus tiv thaiv, roj kuj tsis zoo rau nitrile roj hmab tab sis zoo dua li lwm yam roj hmab, ntev siv kub yog qis dua 90 degree, qhov siab tshaj plaws siv qhov kub tsis ntau tshaj 130 degree, qhov kub qis yog -30 degree ~ -50 degree .
Muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm fluorine roj hmab, uas muaj cov kua qaub zoo, oxidation tsis kam, roj kuj thiab hnyav kuj. Nws tuaj yeem siv tau rau hauv yuav luag txhua cov kua qaub tawm thiab qee cov roj thiab cov kuab tshuaj, thiab siv lub sijhawm ntev kub qis dua 200 degree.
Raws li lub flange gasket, cov ntawv roj hmab feem ntau yog siv rau cov kav dej los yog feem ntau dismantled manholes thiab tes qhov, thiab lub siab tsis tshaj 1.568MPa. Vim hais tias ntawm txhua yam ntawm gaskets, roj hmab gaskets yog softest thiab muaj kev sib raug zoo kev ua tau zoo, thiab muaj peev xwm ua tau ib tug sealing nyhuv nyob rau hauv ib tug me me pre-tightening quab yuam. Vim li no, thaum nyob rau hauv lub siab sab hauv, lub gasket yog ib qho yooj yim mus nyem tawm vim nws thickness los yog tsawg hardness.
Cov ntawv roj hmab yog siv rau hauv cov kuab tshuaj organic xws li benzene, ketone, ether, thiab lwm yam, uas ua rau o, hnyav nce, softening thiab stickiness, ua rau lub foob tsis ua hauj lwm. Feem ntau, yog tias qhov o ntawm qib siab tshaj 30%, nws siv tsis tau.
Nyob rau hauv qis qis (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qis dua 0.6MPa) thiab lub tshuab nqus tsev, nws tsim nyog siv cov ntaub qhwv roj hmab. Cov khoom siv roj hmab muaj qhov ntom ntom zoo thiab tsis muaj cua permeability. Piv txwv li, cov roj hmab fluorine yog qhov tsim nyog tshaj plaws los ua lub sealing gasket rau lub tshuab nqus tsev, thiab lub tshuab nqus tsev tuaj yeem ncav cuag li 1.3 × 10-7Pa. Thaum siv lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuum ntawm 10-1 ~ 10-7Pa, nws yuav tsum tau muab ci thiab nqus.
2. Asbestos roj hmab ntawv
Tus nqi qis dua li lwm cov gaskets, thiab nws yooj yim siv. Qhov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws yog: Txawm hais tias roj hmab thiab qee qhov muab ntxiv rau hauv cov khoom siv gasket, nws tseem tsis tuaj yeem sau cov pores me me uas muaj kev sib tsoo, thiab muaj qhov nkag mus me me. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov pa phem heev, txawm tias lub siab thiab kub tsis siab, nws yuav siv tsis tau. Thaum siv nyob rau hauv ib co high-temperature roj nruab nrab, feem ntau yog thaum kawg ntawm kev siv, vim cov carbonization ntawm roj hmab thiab muab tub lim, lub zog yog txo, thiab cov khoom yuav xoob, thiab nkag mus rau hauv lub interface thiab nyob rau hauv lub gasket, uas ua rau lub zog ntawm cov khoom. coking thiab haus luam yeeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv roj hmab asbestos yog ib qho yooj yim los lo rau lub flange sealing nto ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, uas ua rau muaj teeb meem ntau rau kev hloov cov gasket.
Nyob rau hauv ib lub xeev rhuab, lub siab ntawm gasket nyob rau hauv ntau yam xov xwm nyob ntawm seb lub zog tuav ntawm cov khoom gasket. Crystallization dej thiab dej adsorption muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv fiber ntau asbestos. Ntawm 110 degree, 2/3 ntawm cov dej adsorbed ntawm cov fibers tau precipitated, thiab lub zog tensile ntawm cov fibers tau poob li ntawm 10%; ntawm 368 degree, tag nrho cov dej adsorbed tau precipitated, thiab lub zog tensile ntawm fiber ntau tau txo los ntawm 20%; Tshaj 500 degree, dej ntawm crystallization pib los nag, thiab lub zog qis dua. Qhov nruab nrab kuj muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau lub zog ntawm asbestos roj hmab ntawv. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv aviation lubricating roj thiab aviation roj, lub transverse tensile lub zog ntawm No. 400 roj-resistant asbestos roj hmab daim ntawv txawv los ntawm 80%, uas yog vim o ntawm cov roj hmab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv los ntawm aviation roj yog hnyav dua li ntawm aviation lubricating roj. Xav txog cov ntsiab lus saum toj no, qhov pom zoo kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev siv cov ntaub ntawv asbestos hauv tsev XB450: kub 250 degree ~ 300 degree, siab 3 ~ 3.5MPa; No. 400 roj-resistant asbestos roj hmab ntawv yuav tsum tsis txhob siv ntawm qhov kub tshaj 350 degree.
Asbestos roj hmab ntawv muaj chloride ions thiab sulfides. Tom qab nqus dej, nws yog ib qho yooj yim los tsim lub roj teeb corrosion nrog hlau flanges. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, cov ntsiab lus sulfur nyob rau hauv cov roj-resistant asbestos roj hmab daim ntawv yog ob peb zaug siab dua li ntawm cov asbestos zoo tib yam roj hmab ntawv, yog li nws tsis haum rau siv nyob rau hauv cov khoom uas tsis yog oily media. Lub gasket yuav o nyob rau hauv cov roj thiab hnyav nruab nrab, tab sis nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam ntau yam, nws yeej tsis cuam tshuam rau lub sealing kev ua tau zoo. Piv txwv li, No. 400 roj-resistant asbestos roj hmab daim ntawv yog raug rau ib tug 24- teev immersion xeem nyob rau hauv aviation roj nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, yuav tsum tau qhov hnyav nce vim roj nqus yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 15%.
3. Polytetrafluoroethylene
PTFE yog ib qho yooj yim kom txias txaus thiab nkag mus rau hauv lub siab thiab kub, yog li nws feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv tsis tshua muaj siab, nruab nrab kub, muaj zog corrosion thiab nruab nrab uas tsis pub muaj kuab paug, xws li muaj zog acid, muaj zog alkali, halogen thiab tshuaj. Qhov kev nyab xeeb ua haujlwm kub yog 150 degree thiab lub siab yog qis dua 1MPa. Txawm hais tias lub zog ntawm PTFE puv siab dua, qhov kev pabcuam kub tsis tshaj 200 degree, thiab corrosion kuj txo. Qhov siab tshaj plaws kev khiav hauj lwm siab ntawm PTFE pads feem ntau tsis tshaj 2MPa.
Raws li qhov kub thiab txias, cov khoom nkag mus, ua rau muaj kev poob qis hauv kev sib khi. Txawm hais tias qhov kub thiab txias tsis nce, raws li lub sijhawm dhau mus, qhov kev ntxhov siab ntawm lub sealing nto yuav txo qis, uas ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm "kev ntxhov siab so". Qhov tshwm sim no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv txhua yam ntawm gaskets, tab sis qhov kev ntxhov siab so tshwm sim ntawm PTFE gaskets hnyav dua, yog li nws yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau.
Kev sib txhuam coefficient ntawm PTFE yog me me (qhov kev ntxhov siab compression yog ntau dua 4MPa, thiab qhov sib txhuam coefficient yog 0.035 ~ 0.04), thiab lub gasket yog yooj yim rau xaub tawm sab nraud thaum preloaded, yog li nws Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv lub concave-convex flange nto. Thaum siv lub flange tiaj tus, sab nraud txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub gasket tuaj yeem tiv nrog lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj, thiab cov ntsia liaj qhov rooj tuaj yeem siv los tiv thaiv lub gasket los ntawm zawv zawg sab nraud. Vim hais tias cov khoom siv iav-lined yog sintered tom qab txau txheej txheej ntawm cov hlau nplaum, txheej glaze yog nkig heev, ua ke nrog cov tshuaj tsuag tsis sib luag thiab glaze txheej ntws, qhov flatness ntawm flange nto tsis zoo. Kev siv cov hlau sib xyaw gaskets yooj yim rau kev puas tsuaj rau txheej glaze, yog li nws pom zoo kom siv polytetrafluoroethylene gaskets nrog asbestos board thiab roj hmab ua cov khoom tseem ceeb. Cov ntaub ntim khoom no yooj yim haum nrog lub flange nto thiab corrosion-resistant, thiab cov nyhuv siv tau zoo.
Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab muaj zog corrosive nrog tsawg kub thiab siab, ntau factories qhwv asbestos roj hmab nplooj ntawv nrog polytetrafluoroethylene raw khoom tapes rau manholes thiab pipelines uas feem ntau dismantled. Nws yog nrov heev vim nws yooj yim tsim thiab siv.
4. Asbestos resin board thiab impregnated asbestos board gasket
Nws feem ntau yog siv rau cov kav dej, twj tso kua mis, li qub thiab inlet thiab qhov hluav taws xob flanges ntawm ntau yam acidic media. Kev khiav hauj lwm kub yog 8 0 degree thiab lub siab yog qis dua 0.6MPa.
Asbestos woven gaskets yog tsim rau kev ua haujlwm tsis tshua muaj siab thiab kub siab ua haujlwm nrog siab hauv qab 0.1MPa thiab kub tsis tshaj 800 degree . Thiab raws li cov kev cai tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv, nws tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom sib txawv ntawm qhov dav, thicknesses thiab diameters. Los yog txiav cov ntaub nplaum asbestos thiab siv ncaj qha rau ntawm qhov chaw flange. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv loj-scale sulfuric acid, nitric acid oxidation furnaces thiab ib co unprocessed khoom interfaces, thiab nws cov nyhuv yog deb tshaj qhov qub asbestos hlua.
5. Hlau clad asbestos ncoo
Lub rooj tsav xwm asbestos lossis asbestos roj hmab board yog them los ntawm cov ntawv hlau kom nws tsis txhob ncaj qha mus rau qhov nruab nrab, zam qhov txo qis hauv lub zog ntawm asbestos fiber ntau thiab kov yeej qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov dej ntws tawm, yog li nthuav dav siv cov asbestos roj hmab board. Feem ntau, kev siv kub ntawm cov hlau-coated asbestos ncoo yog 450 degree (qee qhov tuaj yeem ncav cuag 600 degree ~ 700 degree, xws li hauv cov roj flue nrog lub siab ntawm 0.16MPa), thiab kev siv siab yog 4MPa, mus txog 6 MPa. Yog hais tias lub siab nce ntxiv, lub gasket yog nquag hla ntws, thiab cov khoom tseem ceeb yog extruded los ntawm ceg tawv.
Txij li cov hlau-clad asbestos gasket yuav tsum muaj lub zog nruj nruj, txawm tias thaum lub zog ua haujlwm qis dua 2.45MPa, flanges hauv qab pg25kg siv tsis tau. Txwv tsis pub, lub rigidity ntawm flanges thiab bolts yuav tsis txaus, uas ua rau deformation thiab foob tsis ua hauj lwm. Qee tus neeg xav tias yog tias cov khoom siv tseem ceeb hloov mus rau cov roj hmab hluavtaws nrog zoo elasticity, nws lub zog ceev yuav txo qis. Qhov tseeb, qhov no tsis yog qhov teeb meem, vim tias tom qab cov khoom tseem ceeb yog softened, lub fastening quab yuam yog absorbed los ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb, uas tsis muaj peev xwm muab lub fastening quab yuam yuav tsum tau rau cov hlau phaj kom haum rau lub flange nto, thiab cov padding yog yooj yim. tawg. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab uas muaj ntau cov tshuaj chloride ions thiab acidic nruab nrab, qhov sib tshooj ntawm stainless hlau ncoo thiab cov hlau pad yog qhov ua rau crevice corrosion.
Thaum qhov kub siab tshaj 450 degree, ceramic fiber lossis carbon fiber tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom tseem ceeb. Ib tsob nroj steel siv hlau-clad ceramic fiber gaskets rau qhov kub thiab txias ntawm 1100 degree C, thiab nws tsis tau puas lawm tom qab siv ob xyoos. Flexible graphite yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Tam sim no, hlau-coated saj zawg zog graphite pads tau loj-tsim nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj, thiab nws cov nyhuv yog zoo dua li cov hlau-coated asbestos pads.
Cov ntaub qhwv hlau tuaj yeem ua rau ntau yam duab, thiab tau siv dav hauv ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txawv, cov npog reactor, thauj khoom thiab tshem tawm qhov, manhole flanges, thiab lwm yam. Hlau-clad pads nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 2m tau tsim nyob rau hauv Suav teb, thiab lawv nyob rau hauv zoo siv.
Ib txheej ntawm saj zawg zog graphite nyias phaj yog pasted rau saum npoo ntawm cov hlau ntim gasket. Piv nrog rau tib hom hlau ntim gasket yam tsis tau npog qhov chaw, lub pre-tightening tshwj xeeb siab me me thiab sealing kev ua tau zoo dua.
Tam sim no, tsis muaj cov khoom lag luam zoo li no hauv Suav teb, yog li qee qhov chaw muab cov ntaub ntawv hloov pauv uas twb muaj lawm graphite wrinkle daim kab xev rau ntawm cov ntaub qhwv hlau, cov ntaub qhwv hlau tiaj tus, cov ntaub qhwv hniav thiab txawm tias cov roj hmab asbestos, uas daws tau ntau yam teeb meem. Piv txwv li, lub tshav kub exchanger nyob rau hauv ib lub Hoobkas muaj lub siab ntawm 5.88MPa, kub ntawm 450 degree, thiab qhov nruab nrab yog hydrogen los yog roj thiab roj. Cov hlau tiaj tiaj thiab cov ntaub qhwv hniav tau siv, tag nrho cov uas tau xau. Thaum kawg, ib daim kab xev hloov tau graphite corrugated tau muab tso rau ntawm lub tiaj tiaj los daws qhov teeb meem no. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias hom gasket no yog ib qho yooj yim ntsuas los daws qhov to ntawm lub flange gasket, thiab qhov ua hauj lwm zoo ntawm cov graphite daim kab xev hloov tau ncaj qha cuam tshuam seb cov cuab yeej siv tau zoo li cas. Yog hais tias ib txheej ntawm cov kua nplaum yog siv rau sab nraub qaum, qhov zoo ntawm pasting tuaj yeem txhim kho.
6. Hlau winding ncoo
Cov hlau winding gasket txawj siv lub tshav kub ua hauj, resilience thiab lub zog ntawm cov hlau thiab softness ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis yog-hlau, yog li cov sealing kev ua tau zoo dua, thiab cov kev ua tau zoo ntawm saj zawg zog graphite gasket qhwv nrog stainless hlau daim kab xev yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Nws cov preload tshwj xeeb siab yog me dua li ntawm asbestos winding lev, thiab tsis muaj qhov tsis xws luag ntawm asbestos fiber capillary to.
Hauv cov roj nruab nrab, 0Cr13 feem ntau yog siv rau cov hlau strips, thaum 1Cr18Ni9Ti raug pom zoo rau lwm qhov nruab nrab.
Stainless hlau nrog saj zawg zog graphite winding lev nyob rau hauv nruab nrab roj, lub siab ua hauj lwm yog 14.7MPa (lub domestic ib tug siab li 19.6MPa), thiab nws yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv cov kua mus txog 30MPa. Kub -190 ~ 600 degree (txog 1000 degree thaum tsis muaj oxygen thiab tsis tshua muaj siab).
PTFE muaj qhov kub thiab txias tsis kam, thiab nws lub zog tawm los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias yog siab dua li ntawm chav tsev kub. Yog li ntawd, PTFE lub qhov txhab mats tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov xov xwm tsis tshua muaj kub, xws li cov kua hydrocarbons. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, vim qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov hlau strips los txhim kho thermal conductivity, kev siv kub ntawm PTFE winding mats tuaj yeem ncav cuag 250 degree, thiab tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov kua qaub tawm mus txog 9MPa thiab 200 degree.
Lub qhov txhab gaskets yog tsim nyog rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov reactors, cov kav dej, cov li qub, lub twj tso kua mis inlet thiab qhov hluav taws xob flanges nrog lub siab loj thiab qhov kub thiab txias. Rau cov neeg uas muaj qhov nruab nrab lossis siab dua thiab kub siab tshaj 300 degree, nws yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab siv lub nplhaib sab hauv, lub nplhaib sab nraud lossis sab hauv thiab sab nraud. Yog tias siv concave-convex flange, nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv lub qhov txhab gasket nrog lub nplhaib puab.
Cov nyhuv sealing zoo kuj tuaj yeem tau los ntawm kev muab cov nplooj ntawv graphite hloov tau ntawm ob sab ntawm cov graphite winding ncoo. Cov khib nyiab kub boiler ntawm cov nroj tsuag tshuaj lom neeg loj yog cov khoom siv kub thiab kub siab. Ib qho yooj yim graphite winding ncoo nrog lub nplhaib sab nraud yog siv. Nws tsis xau thaum lub load puv, thiab nws xau thaum lub load txo. A 0.5 hli tuab hloov tau yooj yim graphite phaj yog ntxiv rau ntawm ob sab ntawm lub gasket, uas yog txiav rau hauv cov duab arc, thiab qhov sib koom ua ke yog lapped nrog bevel, uas yog siv tau zoo.
7. Hlau tiaj tus ncoo, corrugated pads thiab toothed pads Hlau flat pads thiab hlau corrugated pads
Nws feem ntau yog siv rau nruab nrab thiab siab siab li qub, cov kav dej thiab cov khoom siv flanges nrog me me diameters. Kev khiav hauj lwm siab nyob ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, qhov qub yog 1.568 ~ 31.36MPa, thiab tom kawg yog 1.568 ~ 3.92MPa. Cov khoom siv gasket raug xaiv raws li qhov nruab nrab thiab qhov kub thiab txias.
8. Octagonal pads thiab oval pads
Octagonal pads thiab elliptical pads (feem ntau hu ua "av steel rings" nyob rau hauv cov roj refining kev lag luam) siv rau trapezoidal groove flanges muaj kev sib khi zoo. Ntawm qhov conical nto ntawm qhov zawj, lub octagonal ncoo yog nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag, thaum lub oval ncoo nyob rau hauv kab sib cuag. Yog li ntawd, oval pads muaj zoo haum nyob rau hauv tsawg fastening quab yuam, tab sis lwm yam fastening yuav tsum tau. Lub octagonal ncoo feem ntau yog fastened ib zaug, thiab nws tsis yooj yim rau xau. Lawv qhov tsis zoo yog tias lawv xav tau lub zog loj nruj nruj. Thaum siv nyob rau hauv tsis tshua muaj siab thiab kub kub, lub flange qib yuav tsum siab tshaj pg25 kg.
