1. Lub tswv yim ntawm roughness
Tom qab cov txheej txheem tiav lawm, qhov loj los yog me me peaks thiab troughs yog tshwm sim nyob rau saum npoo ntawm lub workpiece vim cov cuab yeej, built-up ntug thiab nplai. Qhov siab thiab kwj deg ntawm cov ncov thiab kwj ha no me me heev uas lawv feem ntau tsuas pom nrog kev nthuav dav. Qhov no microscopic geometric duab feature yog hu ua nto roughness.
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2. Roughness ntsuam xyuas tsis
Qhia los ntawm peb tus lej ntawm RaRzRy ntxiv rau tus lej, yuav muaj cov kev xav tau zoo sib xws hauv cov duab kos duab. Feem ntau, qhov chaw ntawm lub workpiece nto roughness Ra<0.8um is called: mirror surface.
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Contour arithmetic txhais tau tias sib txawv Ra: tus lej lej ntawm tus nqi tiag ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv hauv qhov ntsuas qhov ntev L
Kaum-point qhov siab Rz ntawm microscopic roughness: qhov sib npaug ntawm tus nqi nruab nrab ntawm tsib qhov loj tshaj plaws profile ncov qhov siab thiab qhov nruab nrab tus nqi ntawm tsib qhov loj tshaj plaws hauv qhov tob tob hauv qhov ntsuas qhov ntev l
Qhov siab tshaj plaws Ry ntawm qhov profile: qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov kab siab kawg ntawm qhov profile thiab cov kab hauv qab ntawm qhov profile hav hauv qhov ntsuas qhov ntev L
3. Kev ntsuas thiab daim ntawv lo ntawm roughness
Qhov saum npoo roughness tuaj yeem raug ntsuas ntau los ntawm kev ntsuas qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Ra, Rz thiab Ry nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob lossis kho qhov muag. Hauv kev tsim khoom tiag tiag, qhov roughness feem ntau raug txheeb xyuas los ntawm kev sib piv cov qauv thaiv nrog cov txheej txheem ua tiav los ntawm tib neeg lub zeem muag thiab kov.
Marking method: Kos cov yam ntxwv ntawm machined nto nrog cov cim ntawm qhov kos duab. Nws yog lub cim tseem ceeb, thiab nws tsis muaj nuj nqis los siv lub cim no ib leeg. Thaum ntxiv cov nqi parameter, nws txhais tau hais tias qhov chaw tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm txhua txoj kev.
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4. Roughness qib tau los ntawm ntau yam txheej txheem machining
Thov xa mus rau lub rooj hauv qab no rau tus lej tus nqi thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov chaw roughness, tau txais cov txheej txheem, thiab cov qauv siv
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5. Cov nyhuv ntawm qhov roughness ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv tshuab
Nto roughness muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau qhov zoo ntawm qhov chaw, feem ntau tsom rau qhov hnav tsis kam, haum zog, qaug zog ua haujlwm, workpiece precision thiab corrosion kuj ntawm qhov chaw.
5.1. Qhov cuam tshuam rau kev sib txhuam thiab hnav. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov roughness ntawm qhov hnav ntawm qhov chaw feem ntau yog tshwm sim nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm lub ncov. Ob qhov chaw yog nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag. Qhov tseeb, lawv yog ib feem ntawm qhov saum toj kawg nkaus. Lub siab ntawm qhov chaw sib cuag yog siab heev, uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom ntws zoo. Qhov rougher saum npoo, qhov hnyav dua qhov hnav.
5 .2 Qhov cuam tshuam rau cov khoom haum. Qhov haum ntawm ob lub Cheebtsam yog tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li ob daim ntawv, cuam tshuam haum thiab clearance haum. Rau kev cuam tshuam haum, vim tias lub ncov ntawm qhov chaw yog nyem tiaj tus thaum lub sij hawm sib dhos, tus nqi ntawm kev cuam tshuam raug txo thiab qhov kev sib txuas ntawm lub zog ntawm cov khoom raug txo; rau clearance haum, raws li lub ncov yog tsis tu ncua av, lub degree ntawm clearance yuav hloov. loj. Yog li ntawd, nto roughness cuam tshuam rau stability ntawm haum khoom.
5.3 Qhov cuam tshuam rau qaug zog lub zog. Qhov rougher ntawm qhov chaw, qhov tob ntawm qhov dent, thiab qhov me me ntawm lub vojvoog ntawm curvature ntawm lub trough, qhov rhiab heev rau kev ntxhov siab. Yog li ntawd, qhov ntau dua qhov roughness ntawm ib feem, qhov ntau rhiab heev rau kev ntxhov siab concentration, thiab qhov qis nws qaug zog yuav ua rau.
5.4 Resistance rau corrosive teebmeem. Qhov ntau dua qhov roughness ntawm ib feem, qhov tob nws cov troughs. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, hmoov av, deteriorated lubricating roj, acidic thiab alkaline corrosive tshuaj yog yooj yim mus sau nyob rau hauv cov kwj thiab nkag mus rau hauv lub puab txheej ntawm cov khoom, aggravating lub corrosion ntawm qhov chaw. Yog li ntawd, txo qhov roughness ntawm qhov chaw tuaj yeem txhim kho corrosion kuj ntawm cov khoom.
6. Cov txheej txheem los txhim kho qhov chaw tiav
Feem ntau muab faib ua ob hom: nce cov txheej txheem sib xws thiab txhim kho cov txheej txheem qub
Ua kom cov txheej txheem sib xws: ntxiv polishing, sib tsoo, scraping, dov thiab lwm yam txheej txheem tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog txhim kho qhov tiav tab sis kuj txhim kho qhov tseeb; Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub ultrasonic dov tshuab nyob rau hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws ua ke nrog cov yas fluidity ntawm hlau yog txawv los ntawm cov tsoos dov txias ua hauj lwm hardening tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov roughness los ntawm 2-3 qib, thiab txhim kho tag nrho cov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom.
Kev txhim kho ntawm tus txheej txheem qub:
6.1 Xaiv qhov txiav ceev kom tsim nyog. Txiav ceev V yog qhov tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau saum npoo roughness. Thaum ua cov ntaub ntawv yas, xws li cov hlau nruab nrab thiab cov pa roj carbon tsawg, cov nplais tau yooj yim tshwm sim ntawm qhov txiav nrawm, thiab cov ntug tsim tau yooj yim tsim ntawm qhov nruab nrab ceev, uas yuav ua rau kom qhov roughness. Los ntawm kev zam lub cheeb tsam tshaj tawm no, tus nqi ntawm qhov roughness txo. Yog li ntawd, tas li tsim tej yam kev mob los ua kom cov kev txiav ceev tau ib txwm yog ib qho tseem ceeb cov kev taw qhia los txhim kho cov thev naus laus zis theem.
6.2 Xaiv tus nqi noj kom tsim nyog. Tus nqi pub ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau qhov roughness ntawm lub workpiece. Feem ntau, qhov me me ntawm tus nqi pub, qhov me me ntawm qhov roughness thiab smoother lub workpiece nto.
6.3 Tsim nyog xaiv cov cuab yeej geometry tsis. pem hauv ntej thiab nram qab ces kaum. Ua kom lub rake lub kaum sab xis tuaj yeem txo qhov extrusion deformation thiab kev sib txhuam thaum cov khoom raug txiav, thiab tseem txo cov kev txiav tawm tag nrho, uas yog qhov zoo rau kev tshem tawm cov nti. Thaum lub rake lub kaum sab xis yog qhov tsis tu ncua, qhov loj dua lub kaum sab xis, qhov me me ntawm lub vojvoog ntawm lub voj voog ntawm cov ntug txiav, thiab lub sharper lub txiav ntug; Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tseem tuaj yeem txo qhov kev sib txhuam thiab extrusion ntawm flank nto thiab cov txheej txheem nto thiab kev hloov pauv, uas yog qhov zoo los txo qhov roughness degree tus nqi. Ua kom lub vojvoog r ntawm cov cuab yeej lub qhov ntswg arc tuaj yeem txo qhov roughness tus nqi; txo lub kaum sab xis deflection Kr ntawm lub cuab yeej kuj tuaj yeem txo qhov roughness tus nqi.
6.4 Xaiv cov khoom siv tsim nyog. Ib lub cuab yeej nrog cov thermal conductivity zoo yuav tsum raug xaiv los hloov cov cua sov hauv lub sijhawm thiab txo cov yas deformation hauv cheeb tsam txiav. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov cuab yeej yuav tsum muaj cov khoom siv tshuaj zoo los tiv thaiv lub cuab yeej los ntawm kev sib raug zoo nrog cov khoom yuav tsum tau ua. Thaum lub affinity loj dhau lawm, built-up ntug thiab teev tau yooj yim generated, uas ua rau ntau nto roughness. Yog hais tias qhov saum npoo yog coated nrog cemented carbide los yog cov ntaub ntawv ceramic, oxide tiv thaiv zaj duab xis yuav raug tsim rau ntawm riam nto thaum txiav, uas tuaj yeem txo qhov kev sib txhuam coefficient nrog lub tshuab ua kom zoo, yog li nws yog qhov zoo los txhim kho qhov chaw tiav.
6.5 Txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv ua haujlwm. Lub toughness ntawm cov khoom txiav txim siab nws plasticity, qhov siab dua qhov toughness, ntau dua qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov yas deformation, thiab qhov ntau dua qhov roughness ntawm qhov chaw thaum lub sij hawm machining.
6.6 Xaiv cov kua txiav tsim nyog. Kev xaiv kom raug ntawm cov kua txiav tuaj yeem txo qhov roughness ntawm qhov chaw. Cov kua dej txiav muaj cov dej txias, lubricating, nti tshem tawm thiab ntxuav. Nws tuaj yeem txo qhov kev sib txhuam ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm, cov cuab yeej thiab cov nti, tshem tawm cov cua kub ntau ntau, txo qhov kub ntawm qhov chaw txiav, thiab tawm cov chips zoo hauv lub sijhawm.
