Tungsten-molybdenum alloy yog ib qho nyuaj-rau-tsim khoom, nrog cov nqi ua haujlwm siab, kev ua haujlwm tsawg thiab cov cuab yeej hnyav hnyav. Siv ABAQUS finite element tsom xam software, peb-dimensional milling qauv ntawm tungsten-molybdenum alloy tau tsim, thiab cov txheej txheem milling ntawm tungsten-molybdenum alloy tau kawm txog cov kev txiav sib txawv. Txoj cai ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm kev txiav quab yuam thiab txiav qhov kub thiab txias yog txheeb xyuas los ntawm kev kuaj milling los xyuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov qauv simulation. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev sib xyaw ntawm kev txiav tsis tau tau los ntawm kev sim orthogonal, uas yog, txiav ceev vc=60m / s, rov qab sib koom ap=3mm, pub ib tus hniav fz=0.16mm/z .
lus qhuab qhia
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Tungsten thiab molybdenum yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv reserves thiab dav faib nyob rau hauv kuv lub teb chaws. Tungsten thiab molybdenum yog nyob rau hauv pawg VIIB cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm cov ntsiab lus thiab yog ib txwm high melting point hlau. Txij li thaum tungsten-molybdenum alloy muaj cov ntsiab lus melting ntau dua thiab qis dua li cov ntshiab tungsten, nws muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm tungsten thiab molybdenum. Corrosion thiab ablation tsis kam [1], yog li nws tau dhau los ua cov khoom siv tseem ceeb hauv thaj chaw aerospace, tuaj yeem siv rau hauv lub tshuab foob pob hluav taws thiab cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov roj turbines, thiab muaj cov ntawv thov dav dav hauv kev lag luam yav tom ntej.
Txhawm rau kawm txog kev txiav cov ntsiab lus ntawm tungsten-molybdenum alloy, cov kws tshawb fawb tau ua ntau txoj haujlwm tshawb fawb. Thaum Luo Zhengchuan [2] siv cov cuab yeej cemented carbide los txiav tungsten-raws li alloys, cov cuab yeej hnav tau nrawm heev, thiab daim ntawv hnav tseem ceeb uas ua rau tsis ua haujlwm ntawm cov cuab yeej cemented carbide yog cov duab peb sab uas tau tshwm sim ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm lub ntsiab. flank thiab auxiliary flank. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm cov cuab yeej hnav yog cov neeg kho tshuab hnav los ntawm cov ntsiab lus nyuaj, thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm cobalt raws li cov ntawv khi hauv cemented carbide accelerates cov cuab yeej hnav. Thaum txiav tungsten-raws li alloys, Ye Yi [3] pom tias nplua-grained los yog ultra-fine-grained WC-raws li cemented carbide cov cuab yeej nrog hnav-resistant coatings rau ntawm qhov chaw muaj lub neej luv luv. Nws yog uneconomical rau tshuab nws alloys. Cov cuab yeej sib xyaw ceramic tsis haum rau kev txiav cov ntaub ntawv siab tungsten alloy, thiab lub neej ntawm PCD pob zeb diamond cov cuab yeej tsis zoo dua piv nrog WC-based cemented carbide. Tungsten thiab nws cov ntaub ntawv alloy tau ua tiav zoo tshaj plaws nrog PCBN cov cuab yeej txiav thiab qib nrog ntau cov ntsiab lus CBN (xws li DBC80), kom cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam zoo tuaj yeem tau txais.
ABAQUS finite element tsom xam software yog ib qho software nquag siv rau hlau txiav simulation. Nws muaj lub zog uas tsis yog-linear tsom xam ua haujlwm thiab tuaj yeem paub txog thermal-mechanical coupling. Tungsten-molybdenum alloy yog ib qho nyuaj-rau-tsim khoom, uas muaj cov nqi ua haujlwm siab, kev ua haujlwm tsawg thiab cov cuab yeej hnyav hnyav. Yog li ntawd, daim ntawv no siv ABAQUS finite element tsom xam software los tsim ib tug peb-dimensional milling qauv ntawm tungsten-molybdenum alloy. Lub txiav quab yuam thiab txiav kub tsim nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem yog hloov, thiab thaum kawg qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua ke ntawm milling tsis tau los ntawm lub orthogonal xeem, uas muab ib tug siv rau lub tiag tiag milling txheej txheem.
Tungsten-Molybdenum Alloy Finite Element Modeling
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2.1 Cov cuab yeej geometry qauv
Kev simulation siv cov qauv cemented carbide 4- hniav kawg zeb, thiab cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb tau qhia hauv Table 1. Cov qauv milling cutter yog tsim los ntawm kev siv SolidWorks 3D qauv software, raws li qhia hauv daim duab 1. Txij li lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj kev tshawb no yog txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov sib txawv ntawm kev txiav quab yuam thiab txiav qhov kub thiab txias nyob rau hauv qhov sib txawv milling tsis, thiab txiav txim siab tias lub ntsiab txiav ntawm lub cuab yeej yog me dua li cov khoom ua haujlwm, cov cuab yeej tau suav tias yog lub cev nruj hauv ABAQUS finite element tsom xam, tsis hais. ntawm cov cuab yeej deformation thiab hnav, lub cev tsis zoo ntawm cov cuab yeej tau qhia hauv Table 2.
Table 1 Tool specifications (unit: mm) duab
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Daim duab 1 Milling cutter qauv
Table 2 Tool lub cev tsis muaj zog
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2.2 Kev tsim qauv ntawm tungsten-molybdenum alloy khoom
Cov khoom siv simulation workpiece hauv daim ntawv no yog tungsten-molybdenum alloy, thiab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo yog qhia hauv Table 3 [4].
Table 3 Lub cev tsis muaj zog ntawm tungsten-molybdenum alloy cov ntaub ntawv
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Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm hlau txiav, feem ntau, cov ntaub ntawv undergo elastic-yas deformation nyob rau hauv high kub, siab strain thiab high strain tus nqi, yog li tsim ib tug tsim nyog cov khoom qauv kuj yog ib tug tseem ceeb kauj ruam rau kev vam meej simulation. Cov qauv ntawm cov khoom siv hauv daim ntawv no txais yuav Johnson-Cook tus qauv tsim, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov nyhuv hardening, strain hardening nyhuv thiab thermal softening nyhuv ntawm cov khoom, thiab nws daim ntawv yog
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Nyob rau hauv cov mis, σ yog qhov txaus siab (MPa); ε yog hom yas; ε0 yog tus nqi siv siv; T yog qhov kub thiab txias (degree); Tr yog chav tsev kub (degree); Tm yog lub melting point ntawm cov khoom (degree); A, B, C, m thiab n yog cov khoom siv tsis tau, thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia hauv Table 4[5].
Table 4 Johnson-Cook constitutive qauv parameters ntawm tungsten-molybdenum alloy cov ntaub ntawv
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2.3 Tiv tauj thiab ciam teb tej yam kev mob
Tsim kom muaj tus cwj pwm sib cuag, thiab txij li lub cuab yeej raug suav tias yog lub cev nruj thaum simulation, koj yuav tsum tsim kom muaj lwm lub cev nruj. Tsim kom muaj ib thaj tsam nyob rau hauv thawj kauj ruam tsom xam kom txwv txhua qib ntawm kev ywj pheej nyob rau sab ntawm lub workpiece. Lub cuab yeej yuav tsum txwv 4 degrees ntawm kev ywj pheej, thiab teeb tsa kev sib hloov thiab txav mus ib puag ncig Z axis, qhov twg qhov kev sib hloov ceev yog spindle ceev thiab qhov txav ceev yog qhov pub ceev. Tsim kom muaj qhov ntsuas kub ua ntej thiab txhais qhov kub ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm li 298K.
2.4 Mesh division
Qhov zoo ntawm kev faib mesh muaj qhov cuam tshuam zoo rau cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov kawg simulation. Yog li ntawd, thaum meshing tus qauv, qhov tsim nyog mesh chav tsev hom yuav tsum tau xaiv ua ntej, thiab qhov tseeb thiab tus nqi yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab los tswj cov mesh ntom kom tsim nyog. Lub denser daim phiaj, ntau dua qhov tseeb ntawm qhov simulation tshwm sim, tab sis nws yuav ua rau kom tus nqi suav. Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm cov cuab yeej daim phiaj thiab daim phiaj ua haujlwm yog 0.02mm, thiab cov cuab yeej thiab cov khoom ua haujlwm tau muab faib ua cov kab sib xws. Cov cuab yeej siv tau yooj yim, siv tetrahedral tsis yog kev ywj pheej cov qauv kab sib chaws, hom yog C3D10MT, thiab daim phiaj cuab yeej yog 74400 units. Lub workpiece txais hexahedral kab sib chaws, daim phiaj workpiece yog 26250 units, thiab workpiece grid hom yog C3D8RT. Cov cuab yeej thiab workpiece tom qab meshing yog qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab 2 thiab daim duab 3 raws li.
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Daim duab 2 Tool Grid
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Daim duab 3 Workpiece daim phiaj
2.5 Model daws
ABAQUS/Explicit yog siv rau kev xam qauv, thiab hom kev soj ntsuam kauj ruam yog dynamic qhia meej meej thermal-mechanical coupling tsom xam kauj ruam. Tom qab kev suav ua tiav, cov txiaj ntsig tuaj yeem saib thiab txheeb xyuas los ntawm ABAQUS tom qab ua tiav module. Cov txiaj ntsig milling simulation tau qhia hauv daim duab 4.
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Daim duab 4 Milling simulation tau tshwm sim
Simulated Orthogonal Test
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3.1 Kev sim tsim
Qhov kev sim no tsuas yog kawm txog kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev txiav ceev vc, rov qab sib koom ua ke ap thiab pub ib tus hniav fz ntawm kev txiav quab yuam thiab txiav kub hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm milling tungsten-molybdenum alloy, yog li lub rooj orthogonal nrog peb yam thiab plaub theem tau teeb tsa (saib Table 5), uas yog, coj vc, ap thiab fz ua tus hloov pauv ywj pheej. Cia qhov dav txiav ae=1mm, qhov tsawg kawg nkaus txiav quab yuam F thiab qhov tsawg kawg nkaus txiav kub T raws li cov lus teb [6]. Raws li txoj cai xaiv ntawm lub rooj xeem orthogonal, L16 orthogonal rooj tau txais yuav, thiab qhov kev xeem thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau pom nyob rau hauv Table 6.
Table 5 Orthogonal yam thiab theem
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Table 6 Orthogonal test results
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3.2 Kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov ntsiab lus finite simulation
Txoj kev R ntau yog siv los txheeb xyuas cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov kev xeem orthogonal, thiab qhov ntau yog hais txog qhov sib txawv ntawm tus nqi siab tshaj plaws thiab tus nqi qis kawg nkaus sib haum rau txhua qib ntsuas. Txoj kev tsom xam ntau yam, hu ua R txoj kev, yog txoj kev siv ntau tshaj plaws los tshuaj xyuas cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sim orthogonal. Txoj kev no suav nrog ob lub qauv ntawm kev suav thiab kev txiav txim siab, thiab tuaj yeem paub qhov tseem ceeb thiab theem nrab, qib kev pom zoo thiab kev pom zoo ua ke ntawm cov khoom hauv qhov kev xeem [7]. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm txoj kev R yog los sib piv qhov ntau ntawm qhov tseem ceeb hauv txhua kab los ntawm kev suav qhov ntau. Qhov loj dua qhov ntau, qhov ntau dua qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tshwm sim, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, thiab tom qab ntawd txheeb xyuas qhov tshwm sim los ntawm txoj kev tsom xam intuitive. Siv qhov tsawg kawg nkaus txiav quab yuam F raws li qhov ntsuas, saib Table 7 rau kev txheeb xyuas cov txiaj ntsig kev xeem. Hauv cov lus, K1, K2, K3 thiab K4 yog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov kev xeem ntawm txhua theem ntawm txhua qhov cuam tshuam, thiab k1, k2, k3 thiab k4 yog qhov nruab nrab qhov sib thooj. tus nqi.
Table 7 Kev soj ntsuam ntawm Index F Test Results (Unit: N) Daim duab
From Table 7, it can be concluded that the amount of back cutting and feed per tooth have a great influence on the cutting force, and the primary and secondary influences are B>C>A, yog li lub tswv yim zoo tshaj plaws ntawm qhov ntsuas F yog B1C2A2, uas yog, qhov txiav ceev vc yog 60m / s, tus nqi pub rau ib tus hniav fz yog 0.16mm / z, thiab cov nyiaj rov qab txiav ap yog 2mm. Noj qhov tsawg kawg nkaus qhov kub thiab txias T raws li qhov Performance index, qhov kev soj ntsuam ntawm qhov kev ntsuam xyuas tau pom nyob rau hauv Table 8.
Table 8 Kev ntsuam xyuas qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas T (unit: K)
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From Table 8, it can be concluded that the cutting speed and the amount of back cutting have a great influence on the cutting temperature, and the primary and secondary effects are A>C>B, yog li qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws yog A1B12C4, uas yog, txiav ceev vc yog 50m / s, thiab tus nqi pub rau ib tus hniav Tus nqi fz yog 0.16mm / z, thiab tus nqi ap yog 4mm.
Tungsten-Molybdenum Alloy Milling Test thiab Qauv Verification
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4.1 Kev sim tsim
Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov siv tau ntawm cov qauv tsim qauv ntawm tungsten-molybdenum alloy milling xeem, CNC machining chaw JOHNFORD-VMC-850 tau siv rau milling, thiab tus qauv 4-edged carbide kawg zeb yog xaiv raws li lub cuab yeej (saib daim duab 5).
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Daim duab 5 milling cutter
Qhov loj ntawm daim ntawv ua haujlwm yog 150mm × 130mm × 45mm. Txhawm rau txhim kho lub workpiece ntawm lub dynamometer, lub qhov mounting yog ua tiav ntawm lub workpiece ua ntej milling, thiab lub qhov yog drilled nrog ib tug φ8.6mm tungsten steel laum ntsis, thiab ces los ntawm lub cylindrical taub hau hexagon socket lub taub hau ntsia liaj qhov rooj M8 rau kho. Hauv kev sim, KISTLER9257b peb-txoj kev dynamometer tau siv los ntsuas qhov txiav quab yuam, lub dynamometer tau tsau ntawm lub tshuab cuab yeej lub rooj los ntawm lub phaj siab, thiab qhov ntsuas kub yog ntsuas los ntawm lub ntsuas kub infrared. Kev kho ntawm lub dynamometer thiab lub workpiece yog qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab 6, thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm lub zog ntsuas thiab ntsuas kub yog qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab 7.
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a) Machining mounting qhov
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b) Lub zog ntsuas tau raug kho
Daim duab 6 Kev kho ntawm lub zog ntsuas thiab workpiece
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a) Txiav quab yuam ntsuas
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b) Txiav qhov ntsuas kub
Daim duab 7 Kev ntsuas quab yuam thiab ntsuas kub txheej txheem
4.2 Qauv Validation
Peb pawg ntawm cov txiav tsis raug xaiv rau kev sim. Cov txiaj ntsig simulated, ntsuas qhov ntsuas thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev txiav quab yuam thiab txiav qhov kub thiab txias yog qhia hauv Table 9 thiab Table 10. Nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm Table 9 thiab Table 10 tias qhov kev ua yuam kev siab tshaj plaws ntawm qhov simulation tshwm sim yog 15.6%, uas yog nyob rau hauv 20%. , yog li cov txiaj ntsig kev xeem ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm kev siv engineering.
Table 9 Simulation tus nqi, ntsuas tus nqi thiab qhov yuam kev ntawm kev txiav quab yuam
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Table 10 Simulation tus nqi, ntsuas tus nqi thiab kev ua yuam kev ntawm kev txiav kub
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xaus
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Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no, ABAQUS finite element tsom xam software yog siv los tsim ib tug peb-dimensional milling qauv ntawm tungsten-molybdenum alloy. Raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm kev txiav, txoj cai sib txawv ntawm kev txiav quab yuam thiab txiav qhov kub thiab txias tsim nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm milling tungsten-molybdenum alloy yog kawm, thiab qhov zoo tshaj plaws milling tsis tau los ntawm kev sim orthogonal. Kev sib xyaw ua ke, muab kev siv rau qhov tseeb milling. Cov lus xaus tau txais yog raws li nram no.
1) The back engagement ap and the feed per tooth fz have a great influence on the cutting force F, and the primary and secondary influences are B>C>A. Yog li, qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev txiav quab yuam F yog B1C2A2, uas yog, vc=60m/s, fz= 0.16mm/z, ap=2mm.
2) The cutting speed vc and the back cutting amount ap have a great influence on the cutting temperature T, and the primary and secondary influences are A>C>B. Yog li, qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev txiav kub T yog A1B1C4, uas yog, vc=50m/s, fz=0.16mm/z,ap=4mm.
3) Ua tib zoo xav txog kev txiav kev ua haujlwm thiab cov txiaj ntsig hauv kev ua haujlwm tiag tiag, thiab tau txais kev pom zoo ua ke ntawm cov txheej txheem tsis, uas yog, vc=60m / s, fz=0.16mm/z, ap{{4} }} hli.
