1. Cov kab nrib pleb ntev
Cov kab nrib pleb yog axial thiab nyias thiab ntev hauv cov duab. Thaum cov pwm yog kiag li quenched, uas yog, centerless quenching, cov tub ntxhais transforms mus rau hauv quenched martensite nrog qhov loj tshaj plaws tshwj xeeb ntim, tsim tangential tensile kev nyuaj siab. Qhov siab dua cov ntsiab lus carbon ntawm cov pwm hlau, qhov ntau dua qhov tangential tensile stress generated. Thaum lub tensile kev nyuaj siab Thaum lub zog txwv ntawm cov hlau yog tshaj, longitudinal tawg yuav tsim. Cov laj thawj hauv qab no ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov ntev ntawm cov kab nrib pleb: (1) Cov hlau muaj ntau qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov ntsiab lus tsis zoo xws li S, P, Sb, Bi, Pb, Sn, As, thiab lwm yam, thiab cov hlau ingot yog. sib cais longitudinally raws li dov kev taw qhia thaum dov. , nws yog ib qho yooj yim uas yuav ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv longitudinal quenching tej kab nrib pleb, los yog cov kab nrib pleb ntev tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv txias txias tom qab dov tsis tiav thiab khaws cia hauv cov khoom, ua rau qhov kawg quenching tawg kom nthuav dav thiab tsim cov kab nrib pleb ntev; (2) Cov pwm loj yog nyob rau hauv lub quenching crack rhiab loj ntau yam ntawm steel. Cov kab nrib pleb ntev yuav tshwm sim thaum xaiv qhov nruab nrab quenching txias (qhov loj txaus ntshai rau quenching tawg yog 8-15mm rau cov cuab yeej carbon steel thiab 25-40mm rau nruab nrab thiab qis alloy steel) los yog thaum xaiv quenching txias nruab nrab zoo heev tshaj qhov tseem ceeb quenching txias tus nqi ntawm cov hlau.
Kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv: (1) nruj me ntsis tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv raw thaum nkag mus rau hauv lub tsev rau khoom, thiab tsis txhob muab cov khoom hlau uas muaj cov ntsiab lus tsis zoo rau hauv kev tsim khoom; (2) Sim siv lub tshuab nqus tsev smelting, tawm ntawm qhov cub refining lossis electroslag remelting pwm steel; (3) Txhim kho cov txheej txheem kho cua sov thiab siv lub tshuab nqus tsev cua sov, tiv thaiv cua sov thiab txaus deoxidation ntsev da dej cua sov thiab qib quenching thiab isothermal quenching; (4) hloov tsis txhob txwm quenching rau txhob txwm quenching, uas yog, tsis tiav quenching, tau ib tug muaj zog thiab tawv qis qis bainite qauv thiab lwm yam kev ntsuas, zoo heev txo lub tensile lub zog kev nyuaj siab, uas yuav ua tau zoo kom tsis txhob longitudinal cracking thiab quenching distortion ntawm pwm.
2. Transverse kab nrib pleb
Cov yam ntxwv tawg yog perpendicular rau axial kev taw qhia. Nyob rau hauv unhardened pwm, muaj ib tug loj tensile kev nyuaj siab ncov nyob rau hauv kev hloov ntawm lub hardened cheeb tsam thiab lub unhardened cheeb tsam. Thaum lub pwm loj yog txias txias, lub siab tensile loj heev yog yooj yim tsim. Vim tias qhov kev ntxhov siab axial tsim ntau dua li qhov kev ntxhov siab tangential, ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab sab nraud. tawg. S, P. nyob rau hauv lub forging module. Lateral segregation ntawm teeb meem impurities nrog tsawg melting ntsiab lus xws li Sb, Bi, Pb, Sn, As, thiab lwm yam.
Kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv: (1) Lub module yuav tsum yog tsim nyog forged. Qhov sib piv ntawm cov khoom siv raw ntev mus rau txoj kab uas hla, uas yog, qhov sib piv forging, yog qhov zoo dua ntawm 2 thiab 3. Ob chav ntoo khaub lig-shaped kev taw qhia hloov forging yog siv rau forging, thiab nws yog forged nrog tsib chim siab, tsib daim duab kos thiab ntau qhov hluav taws kub ua. cov hlau nyob hauv nruab nrab. Cov carbides thiab impurities yog nplua thiab me me, sib npaug ntawm cov hlau matrix, thiab cov txheej txheem forging fiber ntau yog faib tsis ncaj nraim nyob ib ncig ntawm cov kab noj hniav, uas zoo heev txhim kho lub transverse mechanical zog ntawm lub module thiab txo thiab tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab; (2) Xaiv qhov zoo tshaj qhov txias txias thiab qhov nruab nrab cua txias: ceev cua txias saum Ms point ntawm cov hlau, ntau dua qhov tseem ceeb quenching txias tus nqi ntawm cov hlau, qhov kev ntxhov siab tsim los ntawm supercooled austenite hauv cov hlau yog thermal stress, txheej txheej. yog compressive kev nyuaj siab, thiab sab hauv txheej yog tensile kev nyuaj siab, tshem tawm ib leeg tawm, zoo tiv thaiv thermal stress Cracks yog tsim thiab maj mam txias ntawm Ms-Mf ntawm cov hlau, uas zoo heev txo lub koom haum kev nyuaj siab thaum tsim quenched martensite. Thaum cov txiaj ntsig ntawm thermal kev ntxhov siab thiab kev ntxhov siab sib xws hauv cov hlau yog qhov zoo (kev ntxhov siab tensile), nws yooj yim rau quench thiab tawg. Thaum nws tsis zoo, nws tsis yooj yim rau quench thiab tawg. Kev siv tag nrho cov kev ntxhov siab thermal, txo cov theem hloov kev ntxhov siab, thiab tswj cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ntxhov siab kom tsis zoo tuaj yeem zam qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib hloov quenching tawg. CL-1 organic quenching nruab nrab yog ib qho zoo tshaj plaws quenching tus neeg saib xyuas, uas tuaj yeem txo thiab zam qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov pwm quenching thiab tswj qhov tsim nyog faib ntawm cov txheej txheem hardened. Los ntawm kev kho qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm CL-1 quenching tus neeg sawv cev, cov cua txias sib txawv tuaj yeem tau txais, thiab qhov yuav tsum tau muaj cov txheej txheem hardened faib tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov pwm sib txawv.
3. Arc tawg
Nws feem ntau tshwm sim ntawm kev hloov pauv sai li sai tau xws li cov kab pwm, cov ntawv sau, qhov, thiab cov kab hluav taws xob tuag. Qhov no yog vim tias qhov kev ntxhov siab tsim tawm ntawm cov npoo thiab cov ces kaum thaum lub sij hawm quenching yog 10 npaug ntawm qhov nruab nrab kev ntxhov siab ntawm qhov chaw du. Tsis tas li ntawd, (1) qhov siab dua cov ntsiab lus carbon (C) thiab cov ntsiab lus alloying hauv cov hlau, qhov qis Ms point ntawm cov hlau. Yog tias Ms taw tes txo qis los ntawm 2 degree, quenching cracking nyiam yuav nce 1.2 npaug. Yog hais tias Ms taw tes txo qis los ntawm 8 degree, quenching cracking nyiam yuav nce. Txoj kev xav nce 8 zaug; (2) Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov qauv sib txawv hauv cov hlau thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm tib lub qauv tsis yog ib txhij. Vim muaj kev zam tshwj xeeb ntawm cov qauv sib txawv, cov qauv tsim muaj kev ntxhov siab loj heev, uas ua rau muaj cov kab nrib pleb zoo li ntawm qhov sib tshuam ntawm cov qauv; (3) Ua tsis tau raws li lub sijhawm tom qab tua hluav taws, lossis tsis txaus tempering, cov austenite khaws cia hauv cov hlau tsis tau hloov pauv tag nrho thiab tseem nyob hauv lub xeev kev pabcuam, txhawb kev ntxhov siab rov ua dua, lossis cov austenite khaws cia tau hloov pauv martensitic los tsim kev ntxhov siab sab hauv tshiab thaum pwm yog nyob rau hauv kev pab. Thaum muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau dua li lub zog txwv ntawm cov hlau, cov kab nrib pleb zoo li yuav tsim; (4) Nws muaj ob hom temper brittle steel. Tom qab quenching, nws yog tempered ntawm qhov kub thiab txias maj mam, ua rau muaj teeb meem impurity tebchaw xws li P thiab s nyob rau hauv cov hlau kom precipitate raws li grain ciam teb, zoo heev txo lub grain ciam teb bonding quab yuam thiab muaj zog toughness nce lub brittleness thiab daim ntawv arc- zoo li cov kab nrib pleb nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm sab nraud quab yuam thaum ua haujlwm.
Kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv: (1) Txhim kho tus qauv tsim, sim ua kom cov duab zoo sib xws li qhov ua tau, txo cov kev hloov pauv, ntxiv cov txheej txheem qhov thiab cov hlua khi, los yog siv kev sib dhos ua ke; (2) Hloov cov ces kaum sab xis thiab cov npoo ntse nrog cov ces kaum sib npaug, hloov qhov muag tsis pom qhov nrog los ntawm qhov, thiab txhim kho kev ua tiav qhov tseeb thiab qhov chaw tiav kom txo tau qhov kev ntxhov siab. Feem ntau, hardness yuav tsum tsis siab rau unavoidable txoj cai kaum, ntse npoo, qhov muag tsis pom qhov, thiab lwm yam. Hlau hlau, asbestos hlua, refractory av nkos, thiab lwm yam yuav siv tau rau wrapping los yog filling los tsim cov khoom cua txias teeb meem. Cia nws txias thiab quenched maj mam kom tsis txhob muaj kev ntxhov siab thiab tiv thaiv kev tsim ntawm arc-zoo li kab nrib pleb thaum quenching; (3) Lub quenched steel yuav tsum tau tempered nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm kom tshem tawm ib feem ntawm quenching nyob rau hauv kev ntxhov siab thiab tiv thaiv lub quenching kev nyuaj siab los ntawm expanding; (4) Tempering rau lub sijhawm ntev tuaj yeem txhim kho cov pwm ua haujlwm. Fracture toughness tus nqi; (5) Tag nrho tempering kom tau txais kev ruaj khov microstructure thiab cov khoom; (6) Ntau tempering kom hloov pauv cov austenite khaws cia thiab tshem tawm kev ntxhov siab tshiab; (7) Tsim nyog tempering los txhim kho qhov qaug zog tsis kam ntawm steel qhov chaw thiab cov khoom siv txhua yam. Mechanical zog; (8) Rau pwm hlau nrog hom II temper brittleness, nws yuav tsum tau txias sai sai (dej txias los yog roj txias) tom qab kub tempering, uas yuav tshem tawm cov hom II temper brittleness thiab tiv thaiv thiab zam qhov tsim ntawm arc tawg thaum quenching.
4. Tshem tawm cov kab nrib pleb
Thaum cov pwm yog nyob rau hauv kev pab cuam, nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm kev ntxhov siab, quenched hardened txheej peels tawm ntawm cov hlau matrix ib thooj. Vim tias qhov ntim tshwj xeeb ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm cov pwm sib txawv, axial thiab tangential quenching stresses yog tsim rau saum npoo thaum quenching, thiab tensile stress yog generated nyob rau hauv radial kev taw qhia, uas dheev hloov mus rau sab hauv. Peeling cov kab nrib pleb tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nqaim uas qhov kev hloov pauv ceev ceev yog nqaim, uas feem ntau tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm txias txheej txheem ntawm cov tshuaj kho cua sov pwm, quenching martensitic expansion ntawm sab hauv thiab txheej txheej tsis mus rau tib lub sij hawm vim mus rau lub synchronicity ntawm cov tshuaj hloov kho ntawm lub nto txheej thiab theem transformation ntawm cov hlau matrix, uas ua rau ib tug loj theem transformation kev nyuaj siab, ua rau cov tshuaj kho infiltration txheej cais los ntawm lub matrix qauv. Sawb. Xws li nplaim nplaim hardening txheej, siab zaus nto hardening txheej, carburizing txheej, carbonitriding txheej, nitriding txheej, boronizing txheej, metallizing txheej, thiab lwm yam. Nws tsis pom zoo kom temper sai sai tom qab quenching cov tshuaj permeable txheej, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yog hais tias tus tsis kub tempering. yog rhuab hauv qab 300 ~ C thiab yog rhuab sai sai, nws yuav ua rau tsim ntawm tensile kev nyuaj siab nyob rau hauv lub nto txheej, thaum lub hauv paus ntawm cov hlau matrix thiab cov kev hloov txheej yuav tsim compressive kev nyuaj siab. Thaum lub tensile kev nyuaj siab yog ntau tshaj qhov compressive kev nyuaj siab, nws yuav ua rau cov chemically penetrated txheej yog rub sib nrug thiab tev tawm.
Kev tiv thaiv kev ntsuas: (1) Cov concentration thiab hardness ntawm cov tshuaj infiltrated txheej pwm hlau yuav tsum tau maj mam txo los ntawm qhov chaw mus rau sab hauv los txhim kho lub sib raug zoo quab yuam ntawm cov tshuaj infiltrated txheej thiab matrix. Kev kho mob tom qab infiltration tuaj yeem ua rau kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tshuaj infiltrated txheej thiab cov matrix uniform; (2) Pwm Ua ntej kev kho tshuaj ntawm cov hlau, diffusion annealing, spheroidizing annealing, thiab quenching thiab tempering yog ua los ua kom tag nrho cov qauv qub, uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tau zoo thiab zam qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kab nrib pleb thiab ua kom cov khoom zoo.
5. Network tawg
Qhov tob ntawm cov kab nrib pleb yog qhov ntiav, feem ntau yog hais txog 0.01-1.5 hli tob, tawg, los yog tawg. Cov laj thawj tseem ceeb yog: (1) Cov khoom siv raw muaj txheej txheej decarburization sib sib zog nqus uas tsis raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev txiav txias, lossis cov pwm tiav yog rhuab hauv qhov cub hluav taws xob oxidizing kom ua rau oxidative decarburization; (2) Cov qauv hlau ntawm decarburized nto txheej ntawm cov pwm yog txawv ntawm cov martensite ntawm cov hlau matrix. Cov ntsiab lus sib txawv ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide thiab cov ntim tshwj xeeb sib txawv ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab loj thaum lub decarburized nto txheej ntawm cov hlau yog quenched. Yog li ntawd, cov hlau saum npoo yog feem ntau rub mus rau hauv ib qho kev sib txuas ntawm cov kab lis kev cai; (3) Cov khoom siv raw yog coarse-grained steel, thiab cov qauv qub yog ntxhib. Muaj cov khoom loj ntawm ferrite uas tsis tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm los ntawm cov pa quenching thiab nyob twj ywm hauv cov qauv quenched, los yog kev tswj qhov kub thiab txias tsis raug, qhov ntsuas tsis ua haujlwm, cov qauv overheats, lossis txawm tias overburns, cov nplej ua coarsened, cov nplej ciam teb kev sib raug zoo yog poob, thiab cov pwm yog quenched thiab txias Thaum cov hlau carbides precipitate raws austenite grain ciam teb, lub zog ntawm grain ciam teb yog heev txo, lub toughness yog tsis zoo, thiab lub brittleness yog siab. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm tensile kev nyuaj siab, cov hlau yuav tawg nyob rau hauv ib tug network zoo raws li lub grain ciam teb.
Kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv: (1) nruj me ntsis tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm raw khoom. Metallographic qauv thiab kev kuaj xyuas qhov tsis zoo, cov ntaub ntawv tsis tsim nyog thiab cov hlau tsis zoo tsis haum rau cov khoom pwm; (2) Siv cov hlau zoo thiab lub tshuab nqus hluav taws xob rau cov hlau, rov kuaj xyuas qhov tob ntawm cov txheej txheem decarburized ntawm cov khoom siv raw ua ntej muab tso rau hauv kev tsim khoom, thiab cov nyiaj txias txiav machining yuav tsum ntau dua li txheej decarburized. Carbon txheej qhov tob; (3) Txhim kho cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov siab tshaj plaws thiab tsim nyog, siv cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob microcomputer tswj qhov kub thiab txias, kev tswj qhov tseeb ncav cuag 1.5 degree, thiab tsis tu ncua calibrate cov cuab yeej ntawm qhov chaw; (4) Siv lub tshuab nqus tsev hluav taws xob, cov cua sov tiv thaiv hluav taws xob thiab cov ntsev deoxidized tag nrho rau kev kho mob zaum kawg ntawm cov khoom pwm da dej rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob cua sov pwm thiab lwm yam kev ntsuas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv thiab zam kev tsim cov kab nrib pleb.
duab
6. Kev kho mob khaub thuas tawg
Feem ntau ntawm cov pwm steels yog nruab nrab thiab siab carbon alloy steels. Tom qab quenching, tseem muaj qee qhov supercooled austenite uas tsis tau hloov mus rau hauv martensite thiab tseem nyob hauv lub xeev siv raws li khaws cia austenite, uas cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm. Yog tias nws muab tso rau hauv qab xoom thiab txuas ntxiv kom txias, nws tuaj yeem txhawb txoj kev hloov pauv martensitic ntawm cov austenite khaws cia. Yog li ntawd, lub ntsiab ntawm kev kho mob khaub thuas yog mus txuas ntxiv quenching. Lub quenching kev nyuaj siab ntawm chav tsev kub thiab quenching kev nyuaj siab ntawm xoom yog superimposed. Thaum qhov kev ntxhov siab superposition tshaj qhov kev txwv lub zog ntawm cov khoom, qhov kev kho mob txias yuav tsim.
Kev tiv thaiv kev ntsuas: (1) Muab cov pwm tso rau hauv dej kub npau npau rau 30-60 feeb ua ntej kev kho mob txias tom qab quenching, uas tuaj yeem tshem tawm 15% -25% ntawm quenching sab hauv kev ntxhov siab thiab ruaj khov austenite, thiab tom qab ntawd ua Kev kho mob khaub thuas zoo ntawm -60 degree , lossis ua -120 degree cryogenic kev kho mob, qhov kub thiab txias, qhov ntau khaws cia austenite yuav hloov mus rau hauv martensite, tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem ua kom tiav qhov kev hloov pauv. Kev sim qhia tau hais tias kwv yees li 2% -5% ntawm cov austenite khaws cia, thiab nws tuaj yeem khaws cia raws li xav tau. Ib qho me me ntawm cov austenite khaws cia tuaj yeem so kev ntxhov siab thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tsis txaus. Vim hais tias cov austenite khaws cia yog mos thiab tawv, nws tuaj yeem nqus tau lub zog nthuav dav ntawm martensite thiab yooj yim rau theem hloov kev ntxhov siab; (2) Tom qab kev kho mob khaub thuas, tshem tawm cov pwm thiab muab tso rau hauv qhov cua sov Cov cua sov hauv dej tuaj yeem tshem tawm 40% -60% ntawm kev ntxhov siab rau kev kho mob khaub thuas. Tom qab cua sov rau hauv chav tsev kub, nws yuav tsum tau tempered nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm mus ntxiv tshem tawm cov kev kho mob khaub thuas kev nyuaj siab, tsis txhob tsim cov kev kho mob khaub thuas kab mob, tau txais kev ruaj ntseg lub koom haum, thiab xyuas kom meej tias cov pwm cov khoom tsis raug kev txom nyem distortion thaum lub sij hawm cia thiab siv.
7. Sib tsoo tawg
Nws feem ntau tshwm sim thaum lub caij txias sib tsoo ntawm cov pwm tiav tom qab quenching thiab tempering. Feem ntau ntawm cov kab nrib pleb uas tsim muaj nyob rau ntawm txoj kev sib tsoo thiab yog li ntawm {{0}} 05-1.0mm tob. (1) Kev kho tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom siv raw, tsis ua kom tshem tawm tag nrho cov block, network, thiab band carbides hauv cov ntaub ntawv raw thiab decarburization hnyav; (2) Qhov kawg quenching cua sov kub yog siab dhau, overheating tshwm sim, cov nplej yog ntxhib, thiab ntau residues yog generated Austenite; (3) Kev ntxhov siab vim yog theem hloov pauv tshwm sim thaum sib tsoo, ua rau cov seem austenite hloov mus rau martensite. Cov txheej txheem kev nyuaj siab yog loj, thiab vim tsis txaus tempering, ntau residual tensile kev nyuaj siab tseem nyob, uas yog incompatible nrog cov txheej txheem sib tsoo. Lub superposition ntawm kev ntxhov siab nyob rau hauv cov qauv txiav, los yog vim siab sib tsoo ceev, loj npaum li cas pub, thiab tsis zoo cua txias, ua rau lub sib tsoo kub ntawm cov hlau nto nce sharply mus rau lub quenching cua kub kub, thiab ces cov sib tsoo kua cools, uas ua rau lub sib tsoo kub ntawm cov hlau nto. theem nrab quenching ntawm qhov sib tsoo nto thiab ntau yam kev ntxhov siab. Hauv cov ntsiab lus, yog tias lub zog txwv ntawm cov khoom siv ntau dhau, kev sib tsoo cov kab nrib pleb hauv cov hlau saum npoo yuav tshwm sim.
Kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv: (1) Hloov kho cov khoom siv raw thiab ua ntau yam kev cuam tshuam ob qho tib si thiab cov txheej txheem forging. Tom qab plaub qhov kev ntxhov siab thiab plaub daim duab kos, lub forged fiber ntau yog symmetrically faib nyob rau hauv ib tug yoj duab nyob ib ncig ntawm lub kab noj hniav los yog axis, thiab lub high-kub khib nyiab kub ntawm hluav taws zaum kawg yog siv. quenching, ua raws li qhov kub-kub tempering, tuaj yeem tshem tawm qhov loj, reticular, ribbon thiab saw carbides thiab kho cov carbides mus rau 2-3 qib; (2) Tsim cov txheej txheem kho cua sov siab heev los tswj qhov kawg quenching residual alkali Cov ntsiab lus stenite tsis tshaj tus qauv; (3) Kub lub sij hawm tom qab quenching kom tshem tawm quenching kev nyuaj siab; (4) Tsim nyog txo qhov sib tsoo ceev, sib tsoo tus nqi, thiab sib tsoo txias npaum li cas, uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tau zoo thiab tsis txhob tsim kev sib tsoo tawg.
8. Hlau txiav tawg
Qhov tawg no tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm txiav hauv online ntawm quenched thiab tempered module. Cov txheej txheem no hloov qhov kev ntxhov siab ntawm qhov chaw faib tawm ntawm cov hlau txheej txheej, nruab nrab txheej thiab cov tub ntxhais. Lub quenching residual kev ntxhov siab nyob rau hauv poob qhov sib npaug thiab deforms, thiab ib tug loj tensile kev nyuaj siab tshwm nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw. , qhov kev ntxhov siab tensile no ncav cuag lub zog txwv ntawm cov khoom pwm, ua rau nws tawg. Qhov tawg yog ib qho arc tail-shaped txhav metamorphic txheej tawg. Cov kev sim qhia tau hais tias cov txheej txheem txiav hlau yog txheej txheem ntawm lub hauv paus kub-kub tawm thiab txias ceev, uas ua rau cov hlau nto los ua ib tug solidified txheej ntawm dendritic cam khwb cia qauv, ua ib tug tensile kev nyuaj siab ntawm 600-900MPa thiab high- kev nyuaj siab theem nrab quenching dawb txheej txog 0.03mm tuab. Yog vim li cas rau cov kab nrib pleb: (1) Muaj kev sib cais carbide hnyav hauv cov khoom siv raw; (2) Cov cuab yeej tsis ua haujlwm, qhov kub ntawm qhov kub thiab txias yog siab dhau, thiab cov nplej yog ntxhib, uas txo lub zog thiab tawv ntawm cov khoom thiab ua rau kom brittleness; (3) Lub workpiece quenched tsis tempered thiab tempered nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm. Hluav taws kub tsis txaus, ntau dhau qhov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv thiab qhov superposition ntawm kev ntxhov siab sab hauv tshiab tsim thaum lub sij hawm txiav cov txheej txheem ua rau cov hlau txiav tawg.
Kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv: (1) Kev tshuaj xyuas nruj me ntsis ntawm cov khoom siv raw ua ntej khaws cia kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom siv raw khoom tsim nyog. Cov ntaub ntawv tsis tsim nyog yuav tsum tau forged kom tawg cov carbides kom cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, metallographic qauv, thiab lwm yam ua tau raws li cov txheej txheem ua ntej muab tso rau hauv ntau lawm. Ua ntej kev kho cua sov module, cov khoom tiav yuav tsum tau sab laug nrog qee qhov kev sib tsoo thiab tom qab ntawd quenched. Tempering thiab hlau txiav; (2) Tshawb xyuas cov cuab yeej ua ntej nkag mus rau hauv lub cub tawg, siv microcomputer kub tswj, qhov ntsuas kub qhov tseeb yog 1.5 degree, lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuum, tiv thaiv cua sov cua sov, nruj me ntsis tiv thaiv overheating thiab oxidative decarburization; (3) Siv graded quenching, isothermal quenching thiab tempering nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm tom qab quenching thiab ntau temperings yuav tag nrho tshem tawm kev ntxhov siab nyob rau hauv thiab tsim tej yam kev mob rau hlau txiav; (4) Tsim kom muaj kev tshawb fawb thiab tsim nyog cov txheej txheem hlau txiav.
9. qaug zog tawg
Microscopic fatigue cracks tsim nyob rau hauv qhov rov ua ntawm alternating kev ntxhov siab thaum lub sij hawm pwm kev pab cuam maj mam nthuav, ua rau tam sim ntawd qaug zog tawg. (1) Cov ntaub ntawv raw muaj cov plaub hau, cov ntsiab lus ntawm tus kheej, qhov pores, looseness, non-metallic inclusions, hnyav segregation ntawm carbides, banded qauv, thiab loj heev dawb ferrite metallurgical yam ntxwv tsis xws luag, uas ua rau lub continuation ntawm lub matrix qauv thiab daim ntawv tsis sib xws. kev nyuaj siab concentration. . 112 tsis raug tshem tawm los ntawm cov hlau ingot, uas ua rau tsim cov pob dawb thaum dov. Muaj teeb meem impurities xws li Sb, Bi, Pb, Sn, As, S, thiab P hauv steel. P hauv steel tuaj yeem ua rau txias brittleness, thaum s tuaj yeem ua rau kub brittleness. Ntau dhau S thiab P muaj teeb meem impurities tuaj yeem ua rau qaug zog; (2) Cov tshuaj nkag mus rau txheej txheej yog tuab heev, cov concentration siab dhau lawm, txheej nkag mus tob dhau lawm, txheej txheej hardening yog qhov ntiav dhau, thiab qhov nyuaj ntawm qhov hloov pauv tsis zoo, thiab lwm yam, uas tuaj yeem ua rau ntse. txo qhov qaug zog ntawm cov khoom siv; (3) Thaum cov pwm saum npoo yog ntxhib, qhov tseeb yog qhov tsawg, qhov ua tiav yog qhov tsis zoo, thiab Riam cim, ntawv sau, khawb, pob, corrosion pitting, thiab lwm yam tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab thiab ua rau qaug zog tawg.
Kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv: (1) nruj me ntsis xaiv cov ntaub ntawv kom zoo, thiab tswj cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov melting point impurities xws li Pb, As, Sn, thiab S, P non-metallic impurities kom tsis pub dhau tus qauv; (2) Kev tshuaj xyuas cov khoom ua ntej tsim khoom, thiab cov khoom tsis tsim nyog yuav tsis muab tso rau hauv kev tsim khoom; (3) Xaiv cov khoom uas muaj purity siab, ob peb impurities, cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov nplej zoo. Electroslag remelted refined steel nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm me me carbides, zoo isotropic zog thiab siab qaug zog lub zog yog txhaj peened thiab ntxiv dag zog rau ntawm cov pwm nto thiab cov tshuaj permeation txheej txheej yog hloov thiab ntxiv dag zog rau cov hlau nto pre-stressed thiab offset. pwm. Lub tensile stress generated thaum lub sij hawm kev pab cuam txhim kho lub zog qaug zog ntawm pwm nto; (4) txhim kho kev ua kom raug thiab smoothness ntawm pwm nto; (5) txhim kho cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tshuaj permeable txheej thiab hardened txheej; (6) siv lub microcomputer los tswj lub thickness ntawm cov tshuaj permeable txheej, concentration thiab hardened txheej thickness.
10. Kev nyuaj siab corrosion cracking
Qhov kev tawg no feem ntau tshwm sim thaum siv. Cov hlau pwm tawg vim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los yog cov txheej txheem electrochemical, uas ua rau kev puas tsuaj thiab corrosion los ntawm qhov chaw mus rau cov qauv sab hauv. Qhov no yog kev nyuaj siab corrosion cracking. Vim yog cov qauv sib txawv ntawm cov pwm hlau tom qab kev kho cua sov, cov khoom tiv thaiv corrosion kuj txawv. Cov qauv corrosion-resistant tshaj plaws yog austenite (A), feem ntau corrosion-resistant qauv yog troostite (T), thiab qhov kev txiav txim yog ferrite (F) - martensite (M) - pearlite (P) - sorbite (S). Yog li ntawd, nws tsis tsim nyog kom tau txais T pawg los ntawm kev kho cua sov ntawm pwm hlau.
Weave. Txawm hais tias quenched steel tau tempered, vim tsis txaus tempering, quenching sab hauv kev ntxhov siab tseem muaj ntau dua los yog tsawg dua. Kev ntxhov siab tshiab tseem yuav raug tsim nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm sab nraud quab yuam thaum cov pwm ua haujlwm. Thaum twg muaj kev ntxhov siab hauv cov pwm hlau, yuav muaj kev ntxhov siab. Corrosion tawg tshwm sim.
Kev tiv thaiv kev ntsuas: (1) Tom qab quenching, pwm hlau yuav tsum tempered nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm, siab tempered, thiab tempered ntau zaus kom tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab nyob rau hauv quenching; (2) Tom qab quenching, pwm steel feem ntau yuav tsum tsis txhob tempered ntawm 350-400 ~ C vim T qauv. Nws feem ntau tshwm sim ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, thiab cov pwm nrog T qauv yuav tsum tau rov ua dua. Cov pwm yuav tsum tau xeb-pov thawj los txhim kho corrosion kuj; (3) Tsawg-kub preheating yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej cov pwm kub ua hauj lwm yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv kev pab cuam, thiab ib tug tsawg-kub preheating yuav tsum tau ua tom qab lub txias-ua hauj lwm pwm twb nyob rau hauv kev pab rau ib lub sij hawm. Tempering kom tshem tawm kev ntxhov siab tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog tiv thaiv thiab zam qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ntxhov siab corrosion tawg, tab sis kuj ua rau kom muaj kev pab cuam lub neej ntawm pwm. Nws tua ob tug noog nrog ib lub pob zeb thiab muaj cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb thiab kev lag luam.
