Muaj peb yam tseem ceeb rau kev xaiv lub laum me ntsis: cov khoom siv, txheej thiab geometric nta, yog li yuav xaiv li cas?
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1. Khoom siv
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Cov khoom tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb hom: high-speed steel, cobalt-muaj cov hlau ceev ceev thiab cov khoom carbide.
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Kev kub ceev steel (HSS):
Txij li thaum xyoo 1910, cov hlau kub ceev tau siv los ua cov cuab yeej txiav rau ntau tshaj ib puas xyoo. Tam sim no nws yog cov khoom siv dav tshaj plaws thiab pheej yig tshaj plaws rau cov cuab yeej txiav. High-speed steel drills tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev xyaum tes lossis hauv ib puag ncig ruaj khov xws li lub tshuab drilling. Lwm qhov laj thawj vim li cas high-speed steel kav ntev ntev yuav yog vim cov cuab yeej siv high-speed steel tuaj yeem rov ua dua. Vim nws tus nqi qis, nws tsis yog tsuas yog siv los zom rau hauv cov khoom laum, tab sis kuj siv dav hauv cov cuab yeej tig.
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Cobalt-muaj high-speed steel (HSSE):
Cobalt-muaj high-speed steel muaj zoo hardness thiab liab hardness dua high-ceev steel. Qhov nce hauv hardness kuj txhim kho nws cov hnav tsis kam, tab sis tib lub sij hawm txi ib feem ntawm nws cov toughness. Ib yam li cov hlau uas muaj kev kub ceev: lawv tuaj yeem siv los ua kom muaj ntau zaus los ntawm kev sib tsoo.
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Carbide (CARBIDE):
Cemented carbide yog cov khoom siv hlau ua cov khoom sib xyaw. Ntawm lawv, tungsten carbide yog siv los ua cov matrix, thiab qee cov ntaub ntawv siv los ua binders rau sinter los ntawm kub isostatic nias thiab cov txheej txheem nyuaj. Piv nrog rau high-speed steel nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm hardness, liab hardness thiab hnav tsis kam, nws tau zoo heev txhim khu kev qha. Tab sis tus nqi ntawm cemented carbide txiav cov cuab yeej tseem kim dua li cov hlau ceev ceev. Cemented carbide muaj qhov zoo dua li cov khoom siv yav dhau los ntawm cov cuab yeej lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm ceev. Hauv kev sib tsoo cov cuab yeej rov ua dua, cov cuab yeej sib tsoo yuav tsum tau ua.
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2. Txheej
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Cov coatings tuaj yeem faib ua tsib hom hauv qab no raws li qhov kev siv:
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Uncoated:
Uncoated cov cuab yeej yog qhov pheej yig tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau yog siv los ua cov ntaub ntawv softer xws li txhuas alloys thiab cov hlau me me.
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Dub Oxide Txheej:
Oxide coatings tuaj yeem muab lubricity zoo dua li cov cuab yeej tsis muaj coated, kuj zoo dua hauv oxidation thiab kub ua hauj, thiab tuaj yeem ua rau lub neej ua haujlwm ntau dua 50 feem pua.
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Titanium nitride txheej:
Titanium nitride yog cov khoom siv ntau tshaj plaws, thiab nws tsis haum rau cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj hardness thiab kub ua haujlwm siab.
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Titanium carbonitride txheej:
Titanium carbonitride yog tsim los ntawm titanium nitride, muaj qhov kub thiab txias thiab hnav tsis kam, feem ntau yog xim liab lossis xiav. Siv nyob rau hauv lub rhiav Haas rau tshuab workpieces ua los ntawm cam khwb cia hlau.
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Titanium Aluminium Nitride Txheej:
titanium aluminium nitride tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias dua li cov txheej txheem saum toj no, yog li nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv qhov chaw txiav siab dua. Piv txwv li, ua superalloys. Nws kuj tseem siv tau rau kev ua cov hlau thiab stainless hlau, tab sis vim tias nws muaj cov khoom siv txhuas, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tshwm sim thaum ua cov txhuas, yog li tsis txhob ua cov khoom siv txhuas.
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Feem ntau, cobalt-muaj pob zeb diamond nrog titanium carbonitride txheej los yog titanium nitride txheej yog ib qho kev daws teeb meem ntau dua.
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3. Geometric nta
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Geometric nta tuaj yeem muab faib ua 3 ntu hauv qab no:
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ntev
Qhov piv ntawm qhov ntev mus rau txoj kab uas hla yog hu ua ntau txoj kab uas hla, thiab qhov me me ntawm ntau txoj kab uas hla, qhov zoo dua qhov rigidity. Xaiv ib lub laum nrog lub ntsej muag ntev uas yog txoj cai rau kev tshem tawm cov nti thiab qhov luv luv overhang ntev tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov rigidity thaum ua, yog li ua rau kev pab cuam lub neej ntawm cov cuab yeej. Tsis txaus hniav ntev yuav ua rau lub laum me ntsis puas.
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Drill point angle
Lub kaum sab xis ntawm 118 degree yog tej zaum feem ntau hauv machining thiab feem ntau yog siv los ua cov hlau mos xws li cov hlau me thiab txhuas. Tus tsim ntawm lub kaum sab xis no feem ntau tsis yog tus kheej-center, uas txhais tau hais tias nws yog ib qho inevitable rau tshuab lub centering qhov ua ntej. 135 degree xyaum taw tes lub kaum ntse ntse feem ntau muaj qhov ua haujlwm ntawm tus kheej. Txij li thaum tsis tas yuav ua cov txheej txheem ntawm qhov chaw nruab nrab, qhov no yuav ua rau nws tsis tsim nyog los laum lub qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov sib cais, yog li txuag sijhawm ntau.
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Helix lub kaum sab xis
Lub kaum sab xis ntawm 30 degree yog qhov kev xaiv zoo heev rau cov khoom siv feem ntau. Txawm li cas los xij, rau ib puag ncig uas xav tau kev tshem tawm nti zoo dua thiab muaj zog txiav cov npoo, kev xyaum nrog lub kaum sab xis me me tuaj yeem xaiv. Rau cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj-rau-tshuab xws li cov hlau tsis muaj steel, tus qauv tsim nrog lub kaum sab xis loj tuaj yeem raug xaiv los xa cov torque.
