Vim li cas hluav taws xob engineering loj hu ua hluav taws xob? Kuv tau kawm hluav taws xob engineering tau ntau xyoo, tab sis kuv tsis tau xav txog qhov teeb meem no ~ Hnub no kuv tau stumped los ntawm ib tug tub kawm ntawv theem siab los ntawm cov neeg nyob ze lub tsev. Tom qab xav txog nws ua tib zoo, kuv xav tias lub ntsiab lus no tseem ceeb heev. Kuv vam tias ib txhia phooj ywg tuaj yeem sib tham ua ke. .
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hluav taws xob tswvyim
Hluav taws xob (hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob hluav taws xob thiab khoom siv)
Nws yog ib lub ntsiab lus dav dav rau kev qhuab qhia lossis kev tsim vaj tsev xws li kev tsim khoom, kev sib kis, kev xa tawm, kev siv, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob hluav taws xob.
Nws yog kev tshawb fawb los tsim, tswj thiab txhim kho qhov chaw tsawg thiab ib puag ncig los ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob technology.
Npog peb yam ntawm kev hloov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, kev siv hluav taws xob thiab kev tshawb fawb, suav nrog cov kev xav tau yooj yim, kev siv tshuab, khoom siv thiab khoom siv, thiab lwm yam.
Thiab dab tsi yog "cov khoom siv hluav taws xob" uas feem ntau tsis meej pem los ntawm laymen?
khoom siv hluav taws xob
Hais txog txhua yam khoom siv uas siv hluav taws xob.
Kev hais lus tshaj lij: cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv los txuas thiab txiav cov kab hluav taws xob thiab hloov cov ntsuas hluav taws xob kom paub txog kev tswj hwm, hloov kho, hloov pauv, nrhiav kom pom thiab tiv thaiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob lossis cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Nyob rau hauv layman cov ntsiab lus: qee cov khoom siv hauv tsev uas yooj yim rau lub neej, xws li TV, cua txias, tub yees, tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws, ntau yam khoom siv me me thiab lwm yam.
Tom ntej no, cia peb taug kev mus rau "hluav taws xob" thiab paub "hluav taws xob".
Hluav taws xob pov thawj
Saib 1:
Lo lus "hluav taws xob" yuav tsum yog kev txhais cov kua hluav taws xob los ntawm cov tub txib txawv teb chaws nyob rau hauv Qing Dynasty lig. Yog xav paub ntxiv, thov mus saib Lei Yinzhao tsab xov xwm "Etymology ntawm "Electricity"". Ntawm no kuv yuav piav qhia luv luv rau nws.
"Electricity" tej zaum yuav muaj keeb kwm los ntawm phau ntawv "Philosophical Almanac, 1851" txhais los ntawm American missionary DJ Macgowan, uas kuj yog thawj zaug paub ua haujlwm ntawm electromagnetism hauv Suav.
Lub sijhawm ntawd, tsis ntev ua ntej Faraday nrhiav tau qhov tshwm sim ntawm electromagnetic induction, thiab electrons tsis pom los ntawm Thomson mus txog rau kaum xyoo tom qab. Lub sijhawm ntawd, txoj kev xav tseem ceeb ntawm hluav taws xob hauv zej zog kev tshawb fawb yog cov dej kev xav ntawm hluav taws xob. Qhov tshwm sim yog piav raws li qhov kev txav ntawm cov kua hluav taws xob. Cov no suav nrog ob txoj kev xav tau los ntawm Charles du Fay thiab ib qho kev xav tau los ntawm Benjamin Franklin (raws li qhov kev xav niaj hnub no, ob qho tib si tseem ceeb yog qhov zoo thiab tsis zoo).
"Electricity" yog Ma Gaowen txhais cov kua hluav taws xob thaum nws txhais thiab qhia txog kev paub txog hluav taws xob nyob rau sab hnub poob thaum lub sijhawm ntawd. Ma Gaowen siv "qi" los txhais cov kua dej, tej zaum tsis tsuas yog xav txog cov yam ntxwv ntws ntawm qi, tab sis kuj xav tias lub sijhawm ntawd, hluav taws xob, zoo li "qi" hauv Suav lub tswv yim qub, yog qhov tshwm sim tsis meej uas muaj nyob hauv txhua yam.
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Yuav piav qhia li cas yog nyob ntawm koj qhov kev sib tham nruj thiab kev tshawb fawb.
Point ob:
Thaum pib ntawm Western kev lag luam, lub tshuab fais fab tau tsav los ntawm chav turbines, thiab tom qab ntawd tuaj hluav taws xob, yog li "hluav taws xob" pib xa mus rau kev lag luam fais fab, tab sis tam sim no tsis muaj chav turbine, yog li nws tsuas yog siv los xa mus rau hluav taws xob. Lo lus "hluav taws xob" twb tau siv lawm, yog li cia siv nws!
Cov pa roj hauv hluav taws xob hais txog "compressed air". Hauv kev lag luam automation, muaj peb hom khoom siv uas yuav tsum tau txav mus los: hluav taws xob, pneumatic, thiab hydraulic. Hluav taws xob thiab pneumatic yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau tshaj plaws, thiab lawv tau siv ua ke los ua kom tiav automation. Yog li nws yog hu ua: hluav taws xob automation.
Point peb:
Muaj ob qhov kev piav qhia txhim khu kev qha uas kuv tau hnov txog lub hauv paus ntawm cov npe hluav taws xob:
Piav 1: Ancient Suav kev paub
Hluav taws xob yog ib qho phenomenon. Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, tib neeg nrhiav tau nws lub neej los ntawm xob laim. Nyob rau hauv ancient Tuam Tshoj, cov ancients ntseeg hais tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm hluav taws xob yog tsim los ntawm excitation ntawm yin thiab yang. "Shuowen Jiezi" muaj "hluav taws xob, yin thiab yang zoo siab, thiab nag raws Shen". "Zihui" muaj "xov xwm los ntawm Hui, thiab hluav taws xob los ntawm Shen. Yin thiab Yang siv lub nyias rov qab los ua thunder, thiab Shen los ua hluav taws xob." Cov lus piav qhia ntawm ancients (los yog txoj kev xav) ntawm hluav taws xob tau piav qhia los ntawm "qi", uas yog hluav taws xob.
Tuam Tshoj thawj zaug siv txoj kev xav ntawm qi los piav qhia qhov kev nyiam ntawm hluav taws xob, uas tau tshwm sim hauv "Lunheng" sau los ntawm Wang Chong ntawm Eastern Han Dynasty.
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Piav 2: Kev nkag siab txog kev tshawb fawb niaj hnub no
Kev tshawb fawb niaj hnub ntseeg tias qhov teeb meem yog tsim los ntawm atoms, thiab atoms yog tsim los ntawm nuclei thiab extranuclear electrons. Lub nucleus raug them zoo, cov electrons tsis zoo, thiab lub atom yog hluav taws xob nruab nrab. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv qee qhov kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub cev (feem ntau yog 3 txoj hauv kev: kev sib txhuam hluav taws xob, kev sib cuag hluav taws xob, thiab hluav taws xob induction), qee cov atoms yuav poob qee qhov hluav taws xob extranuclear, yog li qhia qhov zoo; Qee cov atoms yuav tau txais qee cov electrons, yog li qhia qhov tsis zoo.
Electrons yog cov khoom uas muaj qhov tsawg tshaj plaws. Physicists hu tus nqi tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm tus nqi qis, qhia los ntawm lub cim e (e=1.6x10⁻¹9). Tus nqi ntawm tus nqi nqa los ntawm ib lub cev raug them yog ib qho ntau ntau ntawm e. Kev khiav ntawm cov nqi tsim hluav taws xob tam sim no. Qhov no yog yuav luag qhov tseeb tshaj plaws kev nkag siab ntawm hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv niaj hnub physics.
Raws li cov logic no, peb paub tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm hluav taws xob yog kev txav ntawm cov hluav taws xob, thiab cov hluav taws xob yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas txav mus los ntawm kev kub ceev (ze rau qhov ceev ntawm lub teeb 3 × 10⁸m·s⁻¹) hauv qhov chaw me me (inch. txog 10⁻¹⁰m)) kev txav, kev txav ntawm cov hluav taws xob sab nraud ntawm lub nucleus txawv ntawm kev txav ntawm cov khoom macroscopic, tsis muaj kev taw qhia meej thiab kev coj ua, thiab huab cua hluav taws xob tsuas yog siv los piav txog qhov loj ntawm nws lub caij nyoog (qhov tshwm sim) kom tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qhov chaw sab nraum lub nucleus.
Raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tsis meej nyob rau hauv quantum mechanics, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua rau peb kom raug ntsuas txoj hauj lwm thiab ceev ntawm lub electron ntawm ib lub sij hawm nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, thiab peb tsis muaj peev xwm piav qhia txog nws trajectory. Yog li ntawd, tib neeg feem ntau siv tus qauv uas tuaj yeem sawv cev qhov muaj feem ntawm cov hluav taws xob tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw sab nraum lub nucleus hauv ib lub sijhawm los piav txog kev txav ntawm electrons sab nraum lub nucleus.
Cov duab peb-dimensional ntawm tus qauv no zoo li qhov chaw nyob ib ncig ntawm lub nucleus muaj ib qho chaw electronegative vim qhov txav ntawm electrons. Piav txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov hluav taws xob tshwm sim hauv ntau thaj tsam ib puag ncig lub nucleus. Nws tuaj yeem sawv cev los ntawm huab cua huab cua ntom ntom (lub thickness ntawm qhov tsis zoo hluav taws xob cua) hauv daim duab, thiab qhov tshwm sim yog sawv cev los ntawm cov duab sib txawv. Qhov tshwm sim yog zoo li cov huab cua tsim los ntawm electrons nyob ib ncig ntawm lub nucleus, yog li nws tseem hu ua electron gas, uas yog, hluav taws xob.
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Nws tuaj yeem pom tias hluav taws xob npog tag nrho cov xwm txheej ntawm lub cev muaj feem xyuam nrog kev txav hluav taws xob, suav nrog hluav taws xob muaj zog thiab hluav taws xob tsis muaj zog. Hluav taws xob hais txog txhua yam hluav taws xob. Yog li ntawd, hluav taws xob engineering hauv txawv teb chaws suav nrog kev tsim hluav taws xob engineering (muaj zog hluav taws xob), hluav taws xob engineering (tsis muaj zog tam sim no), cov ntaub ntawv engineering (tsis muaj zog tam sim no). Tab sis nyob rau hauv Suav teb, hluav taws xob hais txog kev siv hluav taws xob engineering.
Vim hais tias lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm hluav taws xob pib nrog kev kawm ntawm xob laim thiab lwm yam muaj zog hluav taws xob tshwm sim, feem ntau yog raws li lub hwj chim, thiab tom qab ntawd pib siv hluav taws xob los sawv cev rau cov teeb liab, yog li ua rau cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm, electronics, computers, thiab lwm yam. Cov teeb liab raws li cov kev qhia, Ntawd yog, hluav taws xob yuav tsum suav nrog ob theem ntawm lub zog thiab teeb liab. Kuv xav tias qhov no yog qhov kev piav qhia tshaj plaws thiab txhim khu kev qha ntawm hluav taws xob.
Saib 4:
Gas invisible ntaus ntawv pom. Nws tsuas yog xav tias hluav taws xob zoo li muaj lub ntsiab lus dav dua, suav nrog ob qho tib si tangible thiab intangible, vim hais tias hluav taws xob zoo li lub zog ntawm hluav taws xob, thiab tom qab nws yog concretized, muaj hluav taws xob motors, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob tag nrho yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Nws yog lub tswv yim paub daws teeb meem uas tsis yog hais txog qee yam khoom siv lossis khoom siv, tab sis hais txog tag nrho cov kab ke thiab qeb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob.
Hluav taws xob yog ib lo lus engineering
hluav taws xob
yooj yim txhais
English: hluav taws xob
Japanese: 电気 (でんき)
Hluav taws xob yog ib qho kev tshawb fawb los tsim, tswj thiab txhim kho qhov chaw tsawg thiab ib puag ncig los ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob thev naus laus zis, suav nrog peb yam ntawm kev hloov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, kev siv hluav taws xob thiab kev tshawb fawb, suav nrog cov kev xav tau yooj yim, siv thev naus laus zis, khoom siv thiab khoom siv, thiab lwm yam. .
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Cov huab cua txaus hauv lub tswv yim niaj hnub txhais tau hais tias nyob rau hauv kev lag luam niaj hnub no, cov teeb liab hluav taws xob feem ntau yog siv los tswj cov tswv yim thiab cov zis, thiab cov cua ntws yog siv los tswj kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv tshuab. Piv txwv li, qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws yog: lub tog raj kheej cua, uas siv hluav taws xob los tswj lub hauv thiab tawm ntawm lub valve, thiab tom qab ntawd txiav txim seb puas yuav muab cua los tswj cov khoom siv tshuab, yog li hluav taws xob thiab cua feem ntau hu ua hluav taws xob ua ke.
Hluav taws xob engineering tuaj yeem nkag siab zoo li no. Lub cev muaj zog xws li tam sim no, voltage, thiab tam sim no ntws nyob rau hauv cov kab sib kis, uas yog sib npaug rau kev txav ntawm huab cua hauv tib neeg lub cev. Ib lub voj voog lossis txawm tias lub zog hluav taws xob tuaj yeem suav tias yog tib neeg lub cev, thiab cov ntsiab lus sab hauv yog tam sim no, qhov hluav taws xob, thiab tam sim no tuaj yeem suav tias yog Qi, sib pauv zog nrog lub ntiaj teb sab nraud! ! Lub tshuab hluav taws xob uas peb tab tom tham txog kuj tseem yog tib neeg kev tsim vaj tsev, tswj lub cev pob txha ntawm tus neeg no, tswj kev ntws thiab hloov pauv ntawm nws Qi! !
Ntsiab tsib:
Rau kev nkag siab ntawm "qi", kuv xav tias nws yog roj. Cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv qib siab hauv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tsis muaj tswv yim txog qhov no. Tom qab kawm tiav tsev kawm ntawv, lawv tau tig mus rau high voltage thiab rwb thaiv tsev technology kom pom lub luag hauj lwm loj ntawm cov roj hauv hluav taws xob. Qhov piv txwv yooj yim tshaj plaws yog qhov hloov pauv huab cua. Nws ua haujlwm vim nws nyob hauv huab cua. Raws li qhov nruab nrab insulating, huab cua yog qhov kev txiav txim siab uas txiav txim siab seb nws puas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm.
Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev kawm rwb thaiv tsev, nws muaj xws li gas rwb thaiv tsev, khoom rwb thaiv tsev thiab kua rwb thaiv tsev. Gas rwb thaiv tsev muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm nws tus kheej cov cuab yeej rov qab, thiab qhov pheej yig tshaj insulating nruab nrab yog huab cua. Qhov no yog li cas lub tshuab hluav taws xob tau yug los. Ntxiv nrog rau huab cua, sulfur hexafluoride gas kuj yog lub ntsiab lus kub ntawm kev tshawb fawb tam sim no. Lub zog dielectric yog 2.5 npaug ntawm huab cua, thiab lub peev xwm tua hluav taws yog 100 npaug ntawm huab cua. Yog li ntawd, nws yog nyob rau hauv lub introductory paub ntawm lub high voltage teb.
Cov kev xav tawm ntawm cov roj yog tag nrho cov kev sib tham raws li thawj tshooj, thiab feem ntau classic Townsend txoj kev xav thiab streamer txoj kev xav kuj yog hais txog cov roj rwb thaiv tsev. Nws tuaj yeem hais tias txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev yog ib nrab ntawm kev kawm ntawm high voltage, thiab tsis muaj high voltage, yuav tsis muaj kev sib kis thiab kev faib hluav taws xob, thiab tag nrho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yuav tsis muaj nyob. Peb puas tuaj yeem nkag siab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm "Qi" tam sim no?
